Updated on 2025/04/22

写真a

 
ABE Makoto
 
Organization
Chuo Graduate School of Strategic Management Professor
Contact information
The inquiry by e-mail is 《here
External link

Degree

  • Doctor of Philosophy ( Massachusetts Institute of Technology )

  • Master of Science ( Massachusetts Institute of Technology )

Education

  • 1991.6
     

    マサチューセッツ工科大学   電子工学コンピュータ学部   doctor course   completed

  • 1984.6
     

    マサチューセッツ工科大学   電子工学コンピュータ学部   master course   completed

  • 1984.6
     

    マサチューセッツ工科大学   電子工学コンピュータ学部   completed

Research History

  • 2025.4 - Now

    Chuo University   Chuo University Chuo Graduate School of Strategic Management   Professor

  • 2004 - 2025.3

    The University of Tokyo   Division of Economics, Graduate School   Professor

  • 2022.9 - 2023.9

    シンガポール国立大学   客員教授

  • 2014.9 - 2015.10

    ニューサウスウェールズ大学   客員教授

  • 2008.9 - 2009.9

    イェール大学   客員教授

  • 2005.10 - 2006.9

    カルフォルニア大学ロサンゼルス校(UCLA)   客員研究員

  • 1998 - 2004

    東京大学 大学院・経済学研究科   助教授

  • 1998.7 - 1998.8

    フンボルト大学   客員助教授

  • 1991 - 1997

    University of Illinois   College of Business Administration   Assistant Professor

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Professional Memberships

  • 2021.6 - Now

    日本マーケティング・サイエンス学会、代表理事

  • 2000.6 - Now

    日本マーケティング・サイエンス学会、理事

  •   - Now

    日本マーケティング・サイエンス学会「消費者・市場反応の科学的研究部会」、主査

  •   - Now

    Annals of Business Administrative Science, Editorial Board

  •   - Now

    Asia Marketing Journal, Editorial Board

  •   - Now

    International Journal of Internet Marketing and Adversiting, Editorial Boad

  • 2010.6 - 2018.6

    日本マーケティング・サイエンス学会、編集長

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Research Interests

  • 行動経済学

  • CRM

  • マーケティング

  • ベイズ統計

  • 顧客

  • 異質性

  • スキャナーパネル・データ

  • RFM分析

  • 消費者行動

  • 広告効果

  • 参照価格

  • 競争

  • ブランド選択

  • 取引慣行

  • 顧客の異質性

  • 非線形反応

  • 階層ベイズ

  • ウェブページ閲覧

  • 市場反応モデル

  • 商圏分析

  • 広告効果測定

  • 新製品の普及

  • 確率モデル

  • 消費者行動モデル

  • セグメンテーション

Research Areas

  • Humanities & Social Sciences / Commerce  / マーケティング・サイエンス、消費者行動、行動経済学

  • Humanities & Social Sciences / Commerce  / 様々なマーケティングの現象を個人レベルのモデルによって分析し、実務に有用なインプリケーションを研究すること。売上やマーケット・シェア等のマクロ的な数値は、個々の消費者の購買行動というミクロ的な現象の集計であるため、本質的な原因と結果を探るにはその根底にある消費者行動のメカニズムから探り出す必要がある。近年の情報技術の発達により、大量の個人レベルの消費者行動データがPOSあるいはインターネットなどから収集されるようになった。実務の世界ではデータは大量にあるのだが、どのように利用すればよいかを模索している段階であり、個人レベルデータの研究の重要性、必要性が非常に高まっている。そのようなデータを使った個人レベルの購買行動モデル、顧客レベルのパラメータ推定を可能にするベイズ統計手法、そしてその結果を現実の戦略と結びつけるためのマルチエージェント・シミュレーション手法などを中心に研究を進めている。顧客を単なるブラック・ボックスとしてではなく、個々人の行動自体をより深く理解することによって、CRMや1to1マーケティングのような顧客レベルのマーケティング活動に応用することを目的としている。

Papers

  • Preference reversal: Analysis using construal level theory that incorporates discounting Reviewed

    Makoto Abe, Mitsuru Kaneko

    Journal of Choice Modelling   45   2022.12

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    According to the behavioral decision theory, time discounting is often used to explain preference reversals. However, the discounting theory fails to explain some types of preference reversals. Furthermore, preference reversals are limited to those along the time axis (i.e., temporal distance). To extend our knowledge of preference reversals in various choice contexts, this study constructs an analytical framework that combines the time discounting notion of behavioral decision theory and construal level theory developed in social psychology. We put forward three propositions for discounting: magnitude effect (the higher the construal level, the smaller the discounting rate), sign effect (the discounting rate is smaller for losses than for gains), and generalization of distance (discounting applies not only to temporal distance but also to psychological distances such as social distance). These propositions were validated in two studies. In Study 1, we conducted a series of three experiments on a lottery choice task using two samples of respondents (i.e., students and a web panel). In Study 2, we estimated the discounting rates of the higher and lower construal levels by employing multiple intertemporal choice tasks. While many choices involve trade-offs among attributes, the effects of changes in psychological distances are not clear. However, by identifying whether these attributes evoke high or low construal levels and whether the aspects are related to gains or losses, our approach greatly facilitates the analysis of how evaluation and preference are affected by psychological distance, and consequently, that of preference reversal behavior.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jocm.2022.100384

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  • Analytical Framework for Construal Level Theory that Incorporates Discounting Reviewed

    Makoto Abe, Mitsuru Kaneko

    Advances in Consumer Research   48   11 - 15   2020

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  • Analyzing antecedent factors of cognitive dissonance using e-commerce data Reviewed

    Keiko Yamaguchi, Makoto Abe

    Advances in Consumer Research   44   369 - 373   2016

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    Publishing type:Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

    This paper provides managerial guidance on the factors that might prompt cognitive dissonance using actual e-commerce panel data. This is achieved by translating cognitive and emotional antecedent factors found in previous research into observables through online data and constructing a hierarchical model to control individual heterogeneity and situational differences.

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  • Nonparametric hierarchal Bayesian modeling in non-contractual heterogeneous survival data Reviewed

    Shouichi Nagano, Yusuke Ichikawa, Noriko Takaya, Tadasu Uchiyama, Makoto Abe

    Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining   Part F128815   668 - 676   2013.8

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    Publishing type:Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

    An important problem in the non-contractual marketing domain is discovering the customer lifetime and assessing the impact of customer's characteristic variables on the life-Time. Unfortunately, the conventional hierarchical Bayes model cannot discern the impact of customer's characteristic variables for each customer. To overcome this problem, we present a new survival model using a non-parametric Bayes paradigm with MCMC. The assumption of a conven-Tional model, logarithm of purchase rate and dropout rate with linear regression, is extended to include our assumption of the Dirichlet Process Mixture of regression. The extension assumes that each customer belongs probabilistically to different mixtures of regression, thereby permitting us to estimate a different impact of customer characteristic variables for each customer. Our model creates several customer groups to mirror the structure of the target data set. The effectiveness of our proposal is confirmed by a comparison involving a real e-commerce transaction dataset and an artificial dataset; it generally achieves higher predictive performance. In addition, we show that preselecting the actual number of customer groups does not always lead to higher predictive performance.

    DOI: 10.1145/2487575.2487590

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  • A brand choice model for TV advertising management using single-source data Reviewed

    Masataka Ban, Nobuhiko Terui, Makoto Abe

    Marketing Letters   22 ( 4 )   373 - 389   2011.11

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    A brand choice model for TV advertising management using single-source data is proposed. The model replaces household-specific advertising exposure, which is often used as a covariate in a brand choice model, with gross rating points (GRP), a managerial control variable for advertising. In particular, given daily GRP, a probabilistic model of advertising exposure for heterogeneous customers is integrated into a brand choice model with advertising threshold under a Bayesian framework. Through hierarchical modeling, demographic information on panels provides managerial insights into advertising planning. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

    DOI: 10.1007/s11002-010-9130-1

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  • "Counting your customers" one by one: A hierarchical bayes extension to the Pareto/NBD model Reviewed

    Makoto Abe

    Marketing Science   28 ( 3 )   541 - 553   2009.5

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    This research extends a Pareto/NBD model of customer-base analysis using a hierarchical Bayesian (HB) framework to suit today's customized marketing. The proposed HB model presumes three tried and tested assumptions of Pareto/NBD models: (1) a Poisson purchase process, (2) a memoryless dropout process (i.e., constant hazard rate), and (3) heterogeneity across customers, while relaxing the independence assumption of the purchase and dropout rates and incorporating customer characteristics as covariates. The model also provides useful output for CRM, such as a customer-specific lifetime and survival rate, as by-products of the MCMC estimation. Using three different types of databases - music CD for e-commerce, FSP data for a department store and a music CD chain, the HB model is compared against the benchmark Pareto/NBD model. The study demonstrates that recency-frequency data, in conjunction with customer behavior and characteristics, can provide important insights into direct marketing issues, such as the demographic profile of best customers and whether long-life customers spend more. © 2009 INFORMS.

    DOI: 10.1287/mksc.1090.0502

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  • A Prediction Model for Web Page Transition Reviewed

    Makoto Abe

    International Journal of Electronic Business   3 ( 4 )   378 - 391   2005

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  • Investigating the competitive assumption of multinomial logit models of brand choice by nonparametric modeling Reviewed

    Makoto Abe, Yasemin Boztuǧ, Lutz Hildebrandt

    Computational Statistics   19 ( 4 )   635 - 657   2004

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    The Multinomial Logit (MNL) model is still the only viable option to study nonlinear responsiveness of utility to covariates nonparametrically. This research investigates whether MNL structure of inter-brand competition is a reasonable assumption, so that when the utility function is estimated nonparametrically, the IIA assumption does not bias the result. For this purpose, the authors compare the performance of two comparable nonparametric choice models that differ in one aspect: one assumes MNL competitive structure and the other infers the pattern of brands' competition nonparametrically from data.

    DOI: 10.1007/BF02753916

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  • A generalized additive model for discrete-choice data Reviewed

    Makoto Abe

    Journal of Business and Economic Statistics   17 ( 3 )   271 - 284   1999.7

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    The usual assumption of a linear-in-parameters utility function in a multinomial logit model is relaxed by a sum of one-dimensional nonparametric functions of the explanatory variables. The model generalizes the logistic regression of the generalized additive model for a binary response to a qualitative variable that can assume more than two values. Simulation studies show that the proposed method can recover underlying nonlinearity in utility of various shapes. The model is applied to consumer panel data collected by bar-code scanners from two product categories, and the marketing implications are sought. © 1999 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

    DOI: 10.1080/07350015.1999.10524817

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  • Error structure and identification condition in maximum likelihood nonmetric multidimensional scaling Reviewed

    Makoto Abe

    European Journal of Operational Research   111 ( 2 )   216 - 227   1998.12

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    The author addresses two previously unresolved issues in maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for multidimensional scaling (MDS). First, a theoretically consistent error model for nonmetric MLDMS is proposed. In particular, theoretical arguments are given that the disturbance should be multiplicative with distance when a stochastic choice model is used on rank-ordered similarity data. This assumption implies that the systematic component of similarity in the rank order is a logarithmic function of distances between stimuli. Second, a problem with identification condition of the maximum likelihood estimators is raised. The author provides a set of constraints that guarantees the identification in MLE, and produces more desirable asymptotic confidence regions that are parameter independent. An example using perception of business schools illustrates these ideas and demonstrates the computational tractability of the MLE approach to MDS. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/S0377-2217(98)00146-5

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  • Measuring consumer, nonlinear brand choice response to price Reviewed

    Makoto Abe

    Journal of Retailing   74 ( 4 )   541 - 568   1998

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    Nonlinear price responses by shoppers in brand choice decisions have important managerial and theoretical implications for designing pricing and price promotions. However, the study of these phenomena by traditional parametric techniques is not only tedious, but may lead to an incorrect confirmation of theory. To avoid these problems I demonstrate a simplified means for detecting the possible presence of nonlinearities in consumer response by means of a unique, nonparametric method. This method relaxes the usual linear-in-parameters character of the multinomial logit (MNL) model by an additive sum of one-dimensional nonparametric functions of explanatory variables. In an application of this model to aseptic and red drink databases, I document the presence of these nonlinearities in the form of price threshold effects and a saturation effect with respect to price reductions. I further apply the model to orange juice and ground coffee scanner data by employing the framework of a previous parametric study by Kalyanaram and Little (1994). The model easily found the expected existence of weak price sensitivity around the reference price and a greater consumer negative reaction to price increases than positive reactions to price decreases. Researchers may find this nonparametric technique a useful addition to their kit of statistical tools.

    DOI: 10.1016/S0022-4359(99)80107-9

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  • A household-level television advertising exposure model Reviewed

    Makoto Abe

    Journal of Marketing Research   34 ( 3 )   394 - 405   1997.8

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    The author proposes a household-level television advertising exposure model for media planning that is based on household exposure records. Consistent with the industry practice, managerial input of advertising for the model is gross rating points (GRP) for each “daypart” and week. Exposures of each household within each daypart during each week follow a Poisson process with a distinct rate, which is inferred from the household's past exposure history after accounting for the advertising intensity. Because exposure pattern is computed at the household-level, the model accounts for audience accumulation of dayparts combination, which has a considerable managerial importance in media planning. The model is shown to fit the observed exposure pattern well at both disaggregate and aggregate levels. Applications illustrate the effect of changing the level of GRP on reach and frequency and advertising efficacy of different day-parts. The author implements reallocation of the current level of GRP among dayparts using the “greedy algorithm” to improve reach.

    DOI: 10.2307/3151901

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  • Modeling methods for discrete choice analysis Reviewed

    Moshe Ben-Akiva, Daniel Mcfadden, Makoto Abe, Ulf Böckenholt, Denis Bolduc, Dinesh Gopinath, Takayuki Morikawa, Venkatram Ramaswamy, Vithala Rao, David Revelt, Dan Steinberg

    Marketing Letters   8 ( 3 )   273 - 286   1997

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    This paper introduces new forms, sampling and estimation approaches for discrete choice models. The new models include behavioral specifications of latent class choice models, multinomial probit, hybrid logit, and non-parametric methods. Recent contributions also include new specialized choice based sample designs that permit greater efficiency in data collection. Finally, the paper describes recent developments in the use of simulation methods for model estimation. These developments are designed to allow the applications of discrete choice models to a wider variety of discrete choice problems.

    DOI: 10.1023/A:1007956429024

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  • A New Era of Private Brands in Japan: Opportunities and Challenges for Foreign Retailers and Manufacturers Reviewed

    Makoto Abe

    Journal of Asian Business   13 ( 4 )   21 - 38   1997

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  • Audience accumulation by television daypart allocation based on household-level viewing data Reviewed

    Makoto Abe

    Journal of Advertising   25 ( 4 )   21 - 35   1996

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    A fundamental challenge to media planners in using television advertising is to choose a daypart (time of day) combination that will achieve efficient delivery of an audience. The author addresses audience accumulation by daypart allocation with a household-level exposure model using viewing records from single-source data. By retaining the behavioral assumption of a popular beta binomial distribution model, exposure by each household within each daypart during each week is assumed to follow a binomial process with a distinct exposure probability that is inferred from the household's past exposure history. The model captures exposure heterogeneity nonparametrically by household-specific exposure probabilities rather than fitting a parametric beta function, and automatically accounts for audience duplication across dayparts. This approach is made possible by the availability of large-scale household-level exposure records obtained from audimeters and the increasing computation power of personal computers. An example of spot allocation to dayparts shows how media planners can use the model to obtain insights into audience accumulation. © 1996 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

    DOI: 10.1080/00913367.1996.10673510

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  • Price and advertising strategy of a national brand against its private-label clone. A signaling game approach Reviewed

    Makoto Abe

    Journal of Business Research   33 ( 3 )   241 - 250   1995.7

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    Price and advertising strategies of a national brand challenged by a private-label clone in a frequently purchased consumer package good category are examined. The situation is developed in the framework of a signaling game, in which the national brand manufacturer is a signal (advertising) sender and the consumer is a receiver. The game is solved for the separate, pooling, and hybrid equilibria. Applications of the perfect Bayesian equilibrium criterion and other refinement concepts led to a unique separating equilibrium. This result suggested that if the quality of a national brand is superior to that of its private-label clone, its manufacturer should advertise more than it would if its product were similar to the clone in quality. The level of advertising must be just high enough to maintain differentiation from the clone-quality national brand manufacturer, for which advertising is inefficient because of low product quality. Consumers, after observing the high level of advertising, realize that the clone-quality national brand manufacturer would not have spent that much advertising and hence are willing to pay a premium for the difference in quality. Consequently, the superior quality national brand can charge a higher price and increase its profit. © 1995.

    DOI: 10.1016/0148-2963(94)00073-N

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  • A Nonparametric Density Estimation Method for Brand Choice Using Scanner Data Reviewed

    Makoto Abe

    Marketing Science   14 ( 3 )   417 - 428   1995

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  • A Moving;Ellipsoid Method for Nonparametric Regression;its Application to Logi;Diagnostics Using Scanner Data Reviewed

    Makoto Abe

    Journal of Marketing Research   28 ( 3 )   339 - 346   1991

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    Language:English  

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Books

  • 大学4年間の行動経済学が10時間でざっと学べる

    阿部 誠

    KADOKAWA  2023.12  ( ISBN:4046063211

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    Total pages:232  

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  • ビジネス教養 行動経済学 (サクッとわかるビジネス教養)

    阿部 誠( Role: Supervisor (editorial))

    新星出版社  2021.3  ( ISBN:4405120110

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    Total pages:167   Language:Japanese  

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  • 東大教授が教えるヤバいマーケティング

    阿部 誠

    KADOKAWA  2019.5  ( ISBN:4046040602

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    Total pages:288   Language:Japanese  

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  • マーケティング効果の測定と実践 -- 計量経済モデリング・アプローチ

    阿部 誠, パワーズ 恵子( Role: Joint translator ,  Original_author: D.M.ハンセン:L.J.パーソンズ:R.L.シュルツ)

    有斐閣  2018.8  ( ISBN:4641165203

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    Total pages:484   Language:Japanese  

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  • [図解]大学4年間のマーケティングが10時間でざっと学べる

    阿部 誠

    KADOKAWA  2018.3  ( ISBN:4046023309

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    Total pages:96   Language:Japanese  

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  • 大学4年間のマーケティングが10時間でざっと学べる

    阿部 誠

    KADOKAWA  2017.9  ( ISBN:4046020156

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    Total pages:224   Language:Japanese  

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  • From Little's Law to marketing science : essays in honor of John D.C. Little

    Little, John D. C., Hauser, John R., Urban, Glen L., Abe, Makoto( Role: Joint authorChapter 5)

    MIT Press  2016  ( ISBN:9780262029919

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    Total pages:vi, 487 p.   Language:English  

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  • マーケティング・サイエンス入門 -- 市場対応の科学的マネジメント 新版 (有斐閣アルマ)

    古川 一郎, 守口 剛, 阿部 誠

    有斐閣  2011.4  ( ISBN:4641124388, 9784641124387

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    Total pages:346   Language:Japanese  

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  • Innovation and change in Japanese management

    Haghirian, Parissa( Role: Joint authorIntroduction Chapter)

    Palgrave Macmillan  2009.11  ( ISBN:0230216676

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    Total pages:264   Language:English  

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  • Webマーケティングの科学―リサーチとネットワーク

    井上, 哲浩, 日本マーケティング・サイエンス学会( Role: Joint author第5章)

    千倉書房  2007.3  ( ISBN:4805108746

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    Total pages:243   Language:Japanese  

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  • マーケティングの科学―POSデータの解析 (シリーズ・予測と発見の科学)

    阿部 誠, 近藤 文代

    朝倉書店  2005.10  ( ISBN:4254127839

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    Total pages:202   Language:Japanese  

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  • リサーチ・マインド 経営学研究法 (有斐閣アルマ)

    藤本 隆宏, 新宅 純二郎, 粕谷 誠, 高橋 伸夫, 阿部 誠

    有斐閣  2005.9  ( ISBN:4641122385

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    Total pages:318   Language:Japanese  

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  • 170のkeywordによる ものづくり経営講義

    東京大学ものづくり経営研究センター, 東京大学ものづくり経営研究センター

    日経BP  2005.9  ( ISBN:4822244709

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    Total pages:230   Language:Japanese  

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  • プライシング・サイエンス―価格の不思議を探る

    杉田 善弘, 守口 剛, 上田 隆穂( Role: Joint author第6章)

    同文舘出版  2005.9  ( ISBN:4495640712

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    Total pages:267   Language:Japanese  

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  • 超顧客主義 顧客を超える経営者たちに学ぶ

    片平 秀貴, 古川 一郎, 阿部 誠

    東洋経済新報社  2003.12  ( ISBN:4492501207

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    Total pages:269   Language:Japanese  

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  • マーケティング・サイエンス入門―市場対応の科学的マネジメント (有斐閣アルマ)

    古川 一郎, 守口 剛, 阿部 誠

    有斐閣  2003.10  ( ISBN:4641121974

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    Total pages:314   Language:Japanese  

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  • Advertising worldwide : advertising conditions in selected countries

    Kloss, Ingomar, Abe, Makoto

    Springer  2001  ( ISBN:3540677135

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    Total pages:x, 292 p.   Language:English  

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MISC

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Awards

  • 全日本能率連盟賞

    2012.11   全日本能率連盟  

  • 事例研究賞

    2012.8   日本オペレーションズ・リサーチ学会  

  • アジア太平洋大学のマーケティング研究者 第一位

    2003   (参照)“Publications in Major Marketing Journals: An Analysis of Research Productivity of Asia-Pacific Universities,” Cheng Louis T. W., Chan Kam C. and Chan Ricky Y. K., Journal of Marketing Education, Vol. 25(2), 163-176, August 2003  

Research Projects

  • 複合市場群を分析対象とした市場の創造・成長・変質に関する研究

    Grant number:21H00757  2021.4 - 2025.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(B)  大阪大学

    勝又 壮太郎, 西本 章宏, 吉岡 徹, 阿部 誠, 一小路 武安, ウィラワン ドニ・ダハナ, 秋池 篤

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    Grant amount: \16900000 ( Direct Cost: \13000000 、 Indirect Cost: \3900000 )

    本研究プロジェクトは、本年度が初年度であり、初年度の研究課題は「関係の分析」である。本研究では、市場と市場、あるいは複合的な市場群の関係性を主たる研究対象とするため、初年度である本年度は、複数の市場を対象とした関係性を検討する計画であった。
    まず、具体的な研究計画として挙げた、COVID-19前後に関する旅行・観光市場の変容、消費者の全体的な行動変容の研究、デジタル・モバイル市場の拡大については、観光市場については研究の進展は限定的であったが、デジタル・モバイル市場に関する研究については、いくつかの研究成果を発信することができた。
    また、顧客経験・顧客生涯価値などの顧客との長期にわたる関係維持の研究、プラットフォーム・コンテンツ市場の相互作用に関する研究、新しく創造された市場に対する消費者の認知に関する研究、これらの研究の国際比較などを対象とした探索的研究についても、いくつかの成果が発信されている。
    また、本年度に発表された研究の中にも、研究分担者が複数参画した共同研究が多くあり、研究プロジェクトとして研究分担者間のコミュニケーションが円滑に行われていると評価できる。本研究プロジェクトの特色は、マーケティング、経営戦略、経営組織、イノベーション等の分野横断的な共同研究者が参画することであるが、今後も学際的に研究を進められることが期待できる。また、発信された研究の中には、研究分担者が指導する修士課程・博士課程の大学院生が貢献したものも多く、今後のプロジェクトの推進における貢献も期待できる。

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  • 顧客生涯価値の算出と企業の意思決定支援モデルの構築

    Grant number:20K01961  2020.4 - 2025.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(C)  東京大学

    阿部 誠

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    Grant amount: \2600000 ( Direct Cost: \2000000 、 Indirect Cost: \600000 )

    本研究の目的は、顧客データ(購買履歴、購買以外の行動データ)から、消費者の行動をモデル化し、個人別にパラメータを推定し、その顧客が将来にわたって企業にもたらす価値-顧客生涯価値 (CLV)-を算出することである。さらにCLVの概念を拡張し、顧客を新規獲得した場合に創出されるであろう価値、さらには購買以外の非金銭的な行動(エンゲージメント)による価値を含めることによって、企業がより適切な経営判断を下せるような手法を提案したい。
    昨年度は特に購買データの拡張に焦点をあてて研究を行った。阿部(2011)は、非契約型取引において、一人ひとりの購買履歴を集約したRFMデータから、行動特性(購買、取引金額、離脱)を顧客別に推定して、その生涯価値を算出した。一人の顧客から得られるRFMという3指標のみでは行動に関する情報量が絶対的に不足しているため、顧客別に特性(パラメータ)を推定するモデルでは、購買はランダムに発生するというポアソン仮定が必要であった。この仮定は、周期性のある単一カテゴリの購買には当てはまらない可能性がある。したがって、RFMデータを超えて1回1回の購買を記録した履歴データを用いて、この仮定に制約されない、周期性のある取引にも適用できる、生涯価値モデルを構築した。 研究の成果は、「周期的な購買行動に対応した顧客の生涯価値の導出と顧客維持介入戦略への応用」JIMSマーケティング・サイエンス,Vol.28,No.1,29-
    48,2020年、にまとめられている。
    今年度はまず、購買データが少ない顧客に対しても本モデルのパラメータ推定を可能にする手法を検討した。また、顧客の購買行動(購買、取引金額、離脱)が、顧客特性やマーケティング変数に依存するモデルを開発した。具体的には、MCMC法による階層ベイズモデルを検証中である。

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  • 消費者行動における知覚バイアスの発生とその影響に関する体系的研究

    Grant number:19H00601  2019.4 - 2024.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(A)  早稲田大学

    守口 剛, 恩藏 直人, 竹村 和久, 須永 努, 阿部 周造, 阿部 誠, 奥瀬 喜之, 石井 裕明, 朴 宰佑, 平木 いくみ, 外川 拓, 八島 明朗, 石田 大典

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    Grant amount: \41600000 ( Direct Cost: \32000000 、 Indirect Cost: \9600000 )

    昨年度に行なった既存研究の整理から、視覚刺激に関連する既存研究が多く存在することが再確認された。これらの研究の整理から、未検証で独自性のある研究テーマとして、商品陳列の方法(horizontal display vs. vertical display)と視覚的情報処理の関係に焦点を当てることとした。20年度前半に、このテーマに関する既存研究の整理と研究仮説についての検討を行った。
    また、視覚刺激に関連する研究とは逆に、嗅覚刺激の影響についての既存研究の蓄積はそれほど多くない。一方で、昨年度実施した既存研究の整理と研究課題の検討によって、視覚刺激がもたらす知覚バイアスのメカニズムが、嗅覚刺激に関しても成り立つのではないかとの仮説を得た。この点に着目して、新規性がありインパクトのある研究成果をいち早く創出するために、嗅覚刺激に関連する研究を前倒しして行うこととした。嗅覚刺激に関する研究については、実験参加者に香りを呈示するための専門的な機器、ツールが必要となるため、それらを有する香料メーカーの協力を得て、対面での実験を実施する計画を立てていたが、20年はじめからの新型コロナの流行により実験実施が困難になった。嗅覚刺激を用いた実験は、実験参加者にマスクを外してもらい香りを嗅いでもらう必要があるため、新型コロナの流行が落ち着くまでの間、実験を延期することとした。
    感覚間相互作用に関する研究テーマの中で、聴覚刺激と視覚刺激の相互作用に焦点を当てた研究についても、昨年度に実施した既存研究の整理から、未検証で独自性のあるテーマが抽出された。このテーマについて、20年度後半に対面での実験を実施した。
    なお、これまでの研究成果について20年度末にシンポジウムを開催して報告する計画を立てていたが、新型コロナの影響を鑑み、延期することとした。

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  • Multifaceted empirical study of market emergence and maturation processes

    Grant number:17H02573  2017.4 - 2021.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)  Osaka University

    Katsumata Sotaro

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    Grant amount: \14950000 ( Direct Cost: \11500000 、 Indirect Cost: \3450000 )

    The purpose of this study is to examine the market which includes firms, consumers, and society, focusing on the process of its emergence, growth, and maturity. Especially, this study focuses on the transformation of firm behavior, consumer conditions, and social perceptions that change with growth. The characteristic of this research project is the participation of joint researchers from across disciplines, such as marketing, strategic management, organization, and innovation. Looking at the results through the period, we could obtain new findings through new combinations of researchers. The many collaborations in this project have contributed to a variety of fields both domestically and internationally. Each member of the research team was able to contribute to the project by using knowledge of their major field of study and working with others.

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  • A study for theory construction on consumer's preference reversal

    Grant number:16H03675  2016.4 - 2019.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)  Waseda University

    Moriguchi Takeshi

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    Grant amount: \14300000 ( Direct Cost: \11000000 、 Indirect Cost: \3300000 )

    It has been pointed out in the past that the phenomenon of preference reversal can be explained by a natural change in consumer preferences as time passes, as a consequence of the discrepancy in the cnstrual levels, as well as a response to sensory and physical stimuli. We have conducted empirical research on this subject and compiled the new findings pertaining to these various effects. By focusing on processing fluency and embodied cognition as the theoretical underpinnings of changing consumer preferences due to sensory stimuli, we have compiled the instances of changes in preferences that were triggered by the weight of product packaging, the position of product imagery, the background color, etc., and examined the mechanism behind this phenomenon. These findings constitute a significant contribution to academic research that is related to preference reversal in consumer behavior and sensory marketing.

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  • Derivation of customer lifetime value and building decision support model for a company

    Grant number:25380562  2013.4 - 2018.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)  The University of Tokyo

    ABE Makoto

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    Grant amount: \2600000 ( Direct Cost: \2000000 、 Indirect Cost: \600000 )

    The wide use of RFM analysis in CRM suggests that these measures contain rather rich information about customer purchase behavior. This research, using the RFM measures of a customer, develops an individual-level CLV model that identifies the underlying behavior traits of purchase rate, lifetime and spending, which are then linked to CLV. In the application to two datasets, frequent shoppers program data from a department store and a CD chain, the model produces customer-specific metrics that are useful for identifying preferred customers and taking marketing actions targeted at the individual level in CRM. The research then presents a retention program for existing customers that is most effective in terms of Marketing ROI, such as what action needs to be taken to which customers at which timing. For prospective customers without RFM measures, by relating the demographic characteristics to behavioral traits, insight into acquisition strategy is obtained.

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  • Organizational Study on The Theory and Development of CRM by Fusing Large-scale Heterogeneous Information

    Grant number:25245054  2013.10 - 2017.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)  Tohoku University

    Terui Nobuhiko

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    Grant amount: \41340000 ( Direct Cost: \31800000 、 Indirect Cost: \9540000 )

    We introduced unstructured information (text) of social media such as Twitter and SNS into the CRM studies where structured information (numeric) had been mostly utilized,and we developed new marketing models by fusing these heterogeneous information in the way of being applicable to large scale data.

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  • A Study of Consumer Choice Behavior Considering Situational Factors and Choice Objective

    Grant number:25285135  2013.4 - 2017.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)  Waseda University

    Moriguchi Takeshi, IDENO Takashi, TAMARI Yuki, OKUBO Shigetaka, KANEKO Mitsuru

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    Grant amount: \14950000 ( Direct Cost: \11500000 、 Indirect Cost: \3450000 )

    We focus on the consumer choice behavior considering choice environment and purpose. As a result, we have found that psychological distance between consumer and subject can influence choice strategy and results. In addition, we have detected the "direction of comparison" effect. Finally, we have systematically organized these issues based on our findings.

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  • Construal Level Theory and the Determining Factors of Customer Satisfaction

    Grant number:22330134  2010 - 2012

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)  Waseda University

    ABE Shuzo, ABE Makoto, ISHII Hiroaki, ISHIDA Daisuke, ONZO Naoto, SUNAGA Tsutomu, TAKEMURA Kazuhisa, TOGAWA Taku, MORIGUCHI Takeshi, YASHIMA Akira

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    Grant amount: \18200000 ( Direct Cost: \14000000 、 Indirect Cost: \4200000 )

    Based on a hypothesis that consumers’ evaluation and choice behavior becomes more abstract when psychological distance (time, space, degree of intimacy etc.) is large, we investigated the determining factors of customer satisfaction across various purchase situations and obtained supportive results. Also, we have made some progress in measuring abstractness of consumers’ thinking.

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  • New Direction of CRM by Fusing Database Marketing and Consumer Theory

    Grant number:21243030  2009 - 2012

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)  Tohoku University

    TERUI Nobuhiko, NAKAJIMA Nozomi, ABE Makoto, SATO Tadahiko, SHIBUYA Satoru, KONDO Fumiyo, WAGO Hazime, SATOMURA Takuya, ISHIGAKI Tukasa

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    Grant amount: \39520000 ( Direct Cost: \30400000 、 Indirect Cost: \9120000 )

    This research project intended to pursue a new direction of CRM by fusing database marketing and consumer theory, which makes it possible to predict customer behaviors through well understanding consumers. We have developed marketing models for individual customers, accommodating consumer heterogeneity necessary for efficient CRM, and dynamic marketing models to catch up with the dynamically changing market. We have also conducted the consumer behavior study based on experiments to acquire more precise understanding consumers. We had invited some leading scholars from abroad to have international workshops, and continued to work with them for international collaboration on research. We also had two workshops mostly for researchers in Japan. We published the research outcomes in some academic journals and presented them at the conferences. Totally we had 54 papers published, 91 presentations and 15 books from our research project.

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  • Buying Behavior and Customer Lifetime Value in CRM

    Grant number:19530383  2007 - 2010

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)  The University of Tokyo

    ABE Makoto

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    Grant amount: \2600000 ( Direct Cost: \2000000 、 Indirect Cost: \600000 )

    In this research, under non-contractual CRM, a consumer behavior model was constructed to estimate customer lifetime value from his/her transaction data. In particular, the research identified customers' buying traits through the interrelated behaviors of purchase rate, lifetime, and spending per transaction from their RFM(Recency, Frequency, and Monetary-value) measures, and constructed a model of Customer Lifetime Value(CLV). The proposed model also related customer characteristics to the three behaviors, which, in turn, are linked to CLV to provide useful insight into customer acquisition.

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  • Making Model Building and Its Application with Integrating Heterogeneous Decision Makers

    Grant number:16330083  2004 - 2006

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)  Osaka University

    NAKAJIMA Nozomi, TERUI Nobuhiko, ABE Makoto, SATOMURA Takuya, KONDO Fumiyo, WIRAWAN Dony dahana

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    Grant amount: \12600000 ( Direct Cost: \12600000 )

    We have developed several models in the Bayesian framework to cope with the various types of customer heterogeneity from a new perspective. The recent progress in the computational methods of Bayesian statistics has provided powerful model building approaches, together with the rapid improvement of technological infrastructures, such as the Internet and mobile phones, scanner data and home delivery systems as well as computerized customer management systems.
    A brand choice model with heterogeneous price-threshold parameters was proposed to investigate the relationships between the aspects of consumer price sensitivity and price thresholds using hierarchical Bayes modeling with the MCMC method. The empirical application revealed that the reference effect and loss aversion were more marked with the introduction of price thresholds into the response models. The similar approach was taken in constructing the advertising exposure model to investigate the effects of advertising stocks on consumers' buying behavior processes.
    Another consumer behavior model that permits the estimation of customer lifetime value (CLV) from standard RFM data in "non-contractual" setting was proposed in the hierarchical Bayes framework. The model also relates customer characteristics to dropout, frequency, and spending behavior, which, in turn, is linked to CLV to provide useful insight into acquisition. Using frequent shopper program data, the model was shown to perform better than the benchmark Pareto/NBD-based model at both aggregate and disaggregate levels on calibration and holdout samples. The model enables to describe the interdependence of these three behavioral processes, and our data exhibited a highly negative correlation between purchase frequency and the dropout process, violating the assumption of the Pareto/NBD model.
    We also contributed to popularization of the Bayesian approach to marketing problems by providing monographs and organizing two international conferences held in Japan as well as presenting several papers there.

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  • Decision Support System for CRM based on an Individual Level Model

    Grant number:15530282  2003 - 2005

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)  The University of Tokyo

    ABE Makoto

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    Grant amount: \1600000 ( Direct Cost: \1600000 )

    In customer relationship management (CRM), ad hoc rules are often employed to judge whether customers are active in a "non-contractual" setting. For example, a customer is considered to have dropped out if he or she has not made purchase for over three months. However, for customers with a long interpurchase time, this three-month time frame would not apply. Hence, when assessing customer attrition, it is important to account for customer heterogeneity. Although this issue was recognized by Schmittlein et al. (1987), who proposed the Pareto/NBD "counting your customers" framework almost 20 years ago, today's marketing demands a more individual level analysis.
    This research presents a proposed model that captures customer heterogeneity through estimation of individual-specific parameters, while maintaining theoretically sound assumptions of individual behavior in a Pareto/NBD model (a Poisson purchase process and a memoryless dropout process). The model not only relaxes the assumption of independence of the two behavioral processes, it also provides useful outputs for CRM, such as a customer-specific lifetime and retention rate, which could not have been obtained otherwise. Its predictive performance is compared against the benchmark Pareto/NBD model. The model extension, as applied to scanner panel data, demonstrates that recency-frequency (RF) data, in conjunction with customer behavior and demographics, can provide important insights into direct marketing issues, such as whether long-life customers spend more and are more profitable.

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  • INVESTIGATING BEHAVIORAL EXPLANATIONS FOR ASYMMETRIC PRICE COMPETITION

    Grant number:11680439  1999 - 2000

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)  The University of Tokyo

    ABE Makoto

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    Grant amount: \1800000 ( Direct Cost: \1800000 )

    Asymmetric price competition-in consumer packaged goods is a well-known phenomenon. Researchers have proposed three behavioral explanations: (1) heterogeneity in consumer preference, (2) the income effect, and (3) the reference and loss-aversion effects. These explanations have been offered independently by different researchers using different types of data with different methodology. Despite the interest in asymmetric price competition by the marketing community, no attempt has been made to compare across the three explanations and draw an inference on which one is most likely.
    The objectives of this paper are three-folds. Firstly, important factors when studying asymmetric price competition are discussed. These include, (1) confounding of the supply-side and demand-side factors when analyzing aggregate data, such as market share, and (2) an appropriate measure for asymmetric price competition as the change in market share of a brand for a unit price change of a competing brand. Second, based on these considerations, theoretical arguments against previous explanations are provided.
    (1) The Heterogeneity Effect: Aggregate data is analyzed and cross-price elasticity is used. The explanation is inferred indirectly.
    (2) Income effect: Infinite divisibility of goods is assumed.
    (3) Loss-aversion effect: Household heterogeneity is not well accounted for.
    These claims are then supported empirically using scanner-panel data from four categories. Third, an alternative explanation is proposed to show that a basic assumption of consumer utility in Microeconomic theory, the diminishing-marginal-return effect in price, results in asymmetric competition. It was shown that the concavity (i.e., the diminishing-marginal-return effect) in price was stronger than that of logarithm in all four product categories.

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