Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Part of collection (book)   Publisher：World Scientific  

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, we present an alternative model of agglomeration and trade that displays the main features of the recent economic geography literature while allowing for the derivation of analytical results by means of simple algebra. Second, we show how this framework can be used to permit (i) a welfare analysis of the agglomeration process, (ii) a full-fledged forward-looking analysis of the role of history and expectations in the emergence of economic clusters, and (iii) a simple analysis of the impact of urban costs on the spatial distribution of economic activities.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

We construct an international trade model with an elastic labor supply and analyze the impacts of technological progress on the equilibrium outcomes of working hours and economic welfare. We show that the labor supply is inverted U-shaped with respect to technological progress. We also show that welfare is U-shaped with respect to trade costs whereas welfare and technological progress are positively related. We then show that working hours in developed countries are longer in the first stages of development, but shorter in the second stages of development.

DOI： 10.1111/ijet.12118

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

We consider information aggregation in national and local elections when voters are mobile and might sort themselves into local districts. Using a standard model of private information for voters in elections in combination with a new economic geography model, agglomeration occurs for economic reasons, whereas voter stratification occurs due to political preferences. When trade is more costly, people tend to agglomerate for economic reasons, resulting in full information equivalence in the political sector. Under free trade, people sort themselves into districts, most of which are polarized, resulting in no full information equivalence in these districts.

DOI： 10.1111/jors.12118

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

This paper shows that a family of the Dixit-Stiglitz type of new economic geography models is capable of simulating the real-world tendency for agglomeration to the primate city. It is often observed that while regional populations were dispersed in early times, they have been increasingly concentrated into one capital region over recent years. The present paper thus characterizes the stable equilibrium distribution for any number of regions, any set of interregional distances, and any distribution of immobile demand for sufficiently small or large transport costs. It also demonstrates that multi-region new economic geography models are able to simulate the real-world population distribution trends witnessed over the past few centuries. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2013.11.004

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.03.088

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

This paper investigates the impact of progressive trade openness on the formation of entrepreneurship in a two-country occupation choice model with monopolistic competition. We show that trade opening gives rise to a non-monotonic process of international specialization, in which the share of entrepreneurial firms in the large (small) country first increases (decreases) and then decreases (increases), with the global economy exhibiting first deindustrialization and then reindustrialization.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1742-7363.2010.00151.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

One of the most striking feature of the space-economy is that cities form a hierarchical system exhibiting some regularity in terms of their size and the array of goods they supply. In order to show how such a hierarchical system may emerge, we consider a model with monopolistically competitive markets for the industrial sectors. As transport costs steadily decrease from large values, the urban system formed by several small cities entails structural changes in that some cities expand at the expense of the others by attracting a growing number of industries. Beyond some threshold, some cities disappear from the space-economy. Such an evolution of the urban system describes fairly well what has been observed in various historical periods that have experienced major changes in transportation technologies and/or political unification. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jue.2010.11.001

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

The major objective of this paper is to estimate regional utility levels based on interregional migration data. We first revealed three stylized facts concerning migration behavior by examining long-term Japanese data on interregional migration. We then uncovered inconsistency between net migration and utility differential in the presence of distance-related migration costs. Based on the stylized facts and the inconsistency problem, we formulated an operational model and estimated interregional utility differentials. We showed that the interregional utility differentials converged until the late 1970s. We also showed that the utility estimates are highly correlated with the per capita real income. We also applied the model to interregional migration data in the United States and Canada and confirmed the model's validity.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1467-9787.2010.00698.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

A simple two-country model of economic geography is constructed in order to examine the effect of tariff competition on the spatial distribution of manufacturing activities as well as oil welfare. We show that when the transport cost is small, tariff competition with firm Migration leads to a core-periphery economy, where one of the two countries imposes no tariff in Nash equilibrium. We also show that when the transport cost is sufficiently large, both countries impose a positive tariff, which decreases the welfare of both countries. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.05.008

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Our purpose is to investigate how the interplay between trade, commuting and communication costs shapes the economy at both the interregional and intra-urban levels. Specifically, we study how economic integration affects the internal structure of cities and show how decentralizing the production and consumption of goods in secondary employment centers allows firms located in a large city to maintain their predominance. Several new results in both economic geography and urban economics are established, which all agree with empirical evidence. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jue.2006.12.002

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

We develop a multi-country Dixit-Stiglitz trade model and analyze how industry location and welfare respond to changes in: (i) transport frictions (e.g., infrastructure, transportation technology); and (ii) non-transport frictions (e.g., tariffs, standards and regulations). We show that changes in non-transport frictions, which are usually origin-destination specific, do not allow for any clear prediction as to changes in industry location and welfare; whereas changes in transport frictions, which are usually not origin-destination specific, may allow for such predictions. In particular, we show that reductions in transport frictions occurring at links around which the spatial network is locally a tree arc Pareto welfare improving. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2007.08.003

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We study the effects of a decrease in inter-city transport costs on the spatial distribution of population in a multi-regional economy, when a rise in the regional population generates higher urban costs. Holding the number of cities constant, as transport costs are reduced gradually from a very high level to a very low level, there is a first phase in which large cities grow while small cities shrink, a second phase in which both large and small cities grow while medium size cities shrink, and a third phase in which large cities shrink while small cities grow. Furthermore, when the number of cities is allowed to vary as transport costs are reduced from large to small values, it first decreases and then increases. © The Author (2005). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1093/jnlecg/lbh060

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Asymptotic stability of equilibrium is often difficult to know when the number of variables exceeds four, since all eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix are not analytically solvable. However, we obtain stability conditions for a general class of migration dynamics without computing eigenvalues. We show that a spatial equilibrium is stable in the presence of strong congestion diseconomies, but unstable in the presence of strong agglomeration economies. We also show existence of a stable equilibrium in the case of negligible interregional externalities, which is applicable to club goods, local public goods, and new economic geography. © Blackwell Publishing, Inc. 2004.

DOI： 10.1111/j.0022-4146.2004.00352.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

This paper investigates the impact of the heterogeneity of the labor force on the spatial distribution of activities. This goal is achieved by applying the tools of discrete choice theory to an economic geography model. We show that taste heterogeneity acts as a strong dispersion force. We also show that the relationship between the spatial distribution of the industry (the wage differential) and trade costs is smooth and bell-shaped. Finally, while Rawlsian equity leads to the dispersion of industry, our analysis reveals that efficiency leads to a solution close to the market outcome, although the latter is likely to involve too much agglomeration compared to the former. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0304-3878(02)00057-3

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, we present an alternative model of agglomeration and trade that displays the main features of the recent economic geography literature while allowing for the derivation of analytical results by means of simple algebra. Second, we show how this framework can be used to permit (i) a welfare analysis of the agglomeration process, (ii) a full-fledged forward-looking analysis of the role of history and expectations in the emergence of economic clusters, and (iii) a simple analysis of the impact of urban costs on the spatial distribution of economic activities.

DOI： 10.1111/1468-2354.t01-1-00021

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBL LTD  

It is often observed that the land value is extremely high in very big cities while commodity prices are not. The objective of this paper is to consider interregional price differentials in a microeconomic framework by explicity incorporating land for housing, and to conduct an empirical analysis of the interregional differential indices. It is revealed that across regions the CPI varies slightly, per capita income varies more, the housing rent varies still more and the land value varies the most in Japanese cities. I provide microeconomic reasons for the differences in these differentials.

DOI： 10.1111/1468-5876.00184

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC  

In this paper, rye estimate the net agglomeration economics on the consumption side as well as the production side using Japanese city-based data from 1992, when interregional net migration nearly ceased. We show that doubling city size increases the nominal wage by approximately 10% but decreases the real wage by approximately 7-12%. The 10% increase of the nominal wage is attributed to the productivity increase in production activities while the 7-12% decrease of the real wage is a compensation for the net agglomeration economies, which are the benefits from product variety minus the costs of congestion. In other words, city bigness not only enhances the productivity of firms but also brings net agglomeration economies to households. In this way, we separate the net aglomeration economies on the production side from those on the consumption side, (C) 2000 Academic Press.

DOI： 10.1006/juec.1999.2157

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

In this paper, we analyze a spatial oligopoly a la Hotelling assuming Norman and Thisse (1996, Product variety and welfare under discriminatory and mill pricing policies. Economic Journal 106 (1996) 76-91) spatial non-contestability. Each firm selects a pricing strategy in the first stage and chooses a price (schedule) in the second. Seeking subgame perfect Nash equilibrium, we obtain the following. First, mill pricing strategy may become prevalent due to improvements in transportation technology, whereas the discriminatory pricing strategy would be dominant when economies of scale become large. Second, for any pricing strategy, the equilibrium number of mill pricing firms is too large in comparison to the social optimum one, whereas the equilibrium number of discriminatory pricing firms is too small. Finally, we observe a hysteresis in the spatial arrangements of pricing strategies. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0166-0462(99)00006-X

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC  

Urban agglomeration becomes increasingly important because of the globalization of world economies. This paper is a general equilibrium analysis of urban agglomeration economies due to product variety, and agglomeration diseconomies due to intra-city congestion in a two-city system framework. Special attention is paid to the impacts of transportation cost decrease on urban concentration and dispersion. Our main result is that dispersion necessarily takes place when the transportation cost is sufficiently low. We also conduct numerical calculations using specific parameter values, and depict a structural transition from dispersion to agglomeration, and then re-dispersion when the transportation costs decrease monotonically over time. Finally, we observe that dispersion is usually bad as compared to agglomeration, from a welfare point of view. (C) 1998 Academic Press.

DOI： 10.1006/juec.1997.2074

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

We show that a shift from light to heavy industries brought about the fast regional transformation from the Tokyo-Osaka bipolar system to the Pacific industrial belt system, and a shift from heavy to high-tech and service industries induced the second transformation to the Tokyo monopolar system. We also show that the recent development in telecommunications and transportation technologies tend to agglomerate knowledge-intensive activities in the core regions of Japan while dispersing mass-production activities to nonmetropolitan regions and overseas. This partly explains the recent renewed tendency of the increasing income differential between the core and peripheral regions.

DOI： 10.1016/S0166-0462(96)02167-9

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：UNIV WISCONSIN  

In this paper, a theory of nonlinear pricing is tested using 1993 land market data in residential districts of the Osaka metropolitan area. It is shown that quantity premia prevail in real property markets, i.e., larger lots are proportionately more expensive. This is doe to irreversibility in changing lot size and an oligopolistic market structure with nondecreasing marginal utility of lot size.

DOI： 10.2307/3146966

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

The main purpose of this paper is to study the impact of consumer concentration around the market center on the equilibrium locations of location-price games. In the case of symmetric triangular density, it is shown that no symmetric equilibrium exists. However, we demonstrate the existence of asymmetric equilibria in pure strategies; these equilibria are also characterized. Our secondary purpose is to study the sequential entry of two firms when the location space is not restricted to the market space. This leads us to uncover a substantial first-mover advantage, which has been neglected in the literature.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Part of collection (book)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.2753/jes1097-203x230374

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In this paper we analyze the Hotelling's model of spatial duopoly on two-dimensional space, where the first stage is the location game, and the second stage is the price game. In the case of a uniform rectangular distribution of consumers, we prove that (i) two firms maximize their distance in one dimension, but minimize their distance in the other dimension, (ii) the firms are better off if they locate sequentially rather than simultaneously, and (iii) the welfare loss in equilibrium is 1.6 to 4 times as large as that in optimum. © 1994.

DOI： 10.1016/0166-0462(93)02031-W

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS  

DOI： 10.1006/juec.1993.1044

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS  

DOI： 10.1016/0094-1190(90)90044-N

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

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Publisher：JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL  

This paper analyzes the tendencies in the specialization and decentralization of Japanese manufacturing using the time-series data of Japanese Census of Manufactures by prefectures and by 2-digit SIC codes. Comparing the time-series values of the coefficients of variation and the basic employment to total employment ratios, it is shown that whereas Japan tends to specialize in the export industries at the national level, it has been homogenizing and decentralizing at the regional level. This implies that the localization economies and the urbanization economies are becoming less important in Japanese manufacturing industries.<br>Next, the regional output shares in the 6-digit computer industries are plotted for Tokyo and Kanagawa prefectures. It is demonstrated that the application of the product cycle theory is inadequate particularly in explaining the decentralization phenomenon.<br>Finally, so as to explain this, tested and confirmed is the validity of the theory of interregional spatial division of labor in the multilocational manufacturing firms. Three kinds of analyses are conducted. Revealed are: (i) increasing tendency in the number of branch firms whose headquarters locate in Tokyo prefecture; (ii) less regional variation than the industry variation in the growth rate of employment; and (iii) decreasing trend in the regional variation in the growth rate of employment., It is thus inferred that although the agglomeration economies in a classical sense have been reducing, the agglomeration economies at the interregional network level have been increasing in recent years presumably due to the interregional integration by the multilocational corporations.

DOI： 10.2457/srs.19.275

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00361915067?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PION LTD  

DOI： 10.1068/a181375

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS  

DOI： 10.1016/0094-1190(86)90008-2

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：OHIO STATE UNIV PRESS  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PION LTD  

DOI： 10.1068/a140021

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