Language：English   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

A tube-type solar still is proposed to integrate a conventional still and a water distribution network suitable to our concept of desert plantation. This still is directly set up on ground-like pipelines connecting brackish water or seawater ponds. The distilled water is immediately supplied to the plants under the ground by penetration without any extra water pipelines. The still is made of metal-free materials, e.g., plastic as vinyl chloride or PET resin which are inhibited from corrosion by seawater. Experimental data measured in our laboratory using infrared lamps showed the effectiveness of the method for productivity, the design of the basin tray and thermal efficiency up to 12.5%. Numerical simulations with experimental data as the temperature profiles at the tube walls estimated heat convection occurring within the still for modification of the Dunkle's model. Active convection over the basin was predicted in the half-cut tube type of the basin as compared with a conventional flat basin. The secondary convective circulations under the basin in case of the flat basin promote bulk flow from the upper part of the basin to the lower part, which suggests the necessity of insulating the lower part of the still. On the other hand, the tube basin enlarges the evaporative area over the basin and restricts the vapor circulation under the basin. Simulated results show that the performance of this type is not necessary for the insulation of a still and possible for setting up the lower part of the still under the ground. The tube-type solar still is very simple and has been researched, but further research is needed to make it a suitable technology:for desert plantations.

DOI： 10.1016/j.desal.2005.07.018

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Technology for solar desalination has been studied for a long time as a process friendly to the environment and also energy saving. We found a new aspect by diverting attention from industrial mass production systems to the consumer's life-style and resource recycling problems. Thus, desalting solar stills made from waste materials were studied. A type made from a polypropylene tray and polyethylene wrapping sheets was subjected to laboratory tests at steady and unsteady states for heat and mass transfer analysis. The beam strength was substituted by referring to the data the of Meteorological Agency on August 6, 2000 [total solar radiation 26.27MJ/(m(2.)d)]. The maximum water productivity was delayed 2 h from that of the beam strength. Total productivity of water per day and 1 m(2) was measured as 3.54 kg and calculated as 2.35 kg. The result indicated the need to improve the performance and the direction of development of the solar still. This concept could be especially worthwhile for producing water without any harm to the environment by utilizing renewable solar energy.

DOI： 10.1016/j.desal.2004.08.007

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publisher：International desalination association  

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Language：English  

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Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.11457/swsj1965.54.30

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)  

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Language：English   Publisher：Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan  

The particle dynamics in a gas-solid contactor with inclined baffle plates forming a zig-zag path have been numerically simulated by a two-fluid model. In this contactor, solid particles slide down along the baffle plates and are fluidized at the openings between the wall and the edge of the baffle plates by the upflowing gas. Thus this structure is called a "moving-fluidized bed." In the present two-fluid model, both the gas and particles are considered to be in continuum and fully interpenetrating and their behavior are described in terms of four hydrodynamic equations
conservation equations of mass and momentum for the respective phases. The computer simulated porosity distributions in a two-dimensional moving-fluidized bed show that the gas bubbles appear in the fluidized bed region at the opening for the gas velocity exceeding a critical value. The average diameter of the bubbles and the distribution of the particle velocity along the baffle plate have been calculated. These results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Copyright © 1999 The Society of Chemical Engineers.

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.32.816

Scopus

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本海水学会  

A solar still using a concrete slab as a solar collector was developed. Brine was filmwisely fed into the grooves of parallel polyethylene ropes under the slab onto which a porous sheet was attached. The production of distillate depended strongly on the feed rate divided into three liquid flow rate regions: dry-out, effective, and independent. The result of simulation with respect to meniscus film flow shows that the mechanism of heat transfer is due to the surface area ratio of the sheet to the meniscus film.

DOI： 10.11457/swsj1965.50.13

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10016683449?from=CiNii

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Language：English   Publisher：日本沙漠学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：粉体工学会  

The behavior of particles in a gas-solid contactor with inclined baffle plates to form a zig-zag path has been experimentally studied. In this contactor, solid particles trickle down over the baffles and are spouted into the opening between the wall and the plate edge by upflowing gas. The pitch, open spacing fraction and inclination of the baffles are chosen as parameters of the experimental condition. The loading and flooding points are observed at critical gas velocities in using this apparatus. A definite increase in the solid holdup and residence time of solid particles is also observed at the loading point, and particles choked the column at the flooding point. To investigate these properties thoroughly, trajectories of a single partcle are calculated in a two-dimensional field of the gas velocity measured with a hot wire anemometer.

DOI： 10.4164/sptj.31.869

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Language：English   Publisher：ASME  

The concept of Inland Marine Oasis Solartopia (IMOS) is described. The IMOS System is composed of a couple of solar still and photovoltaic cell (PV cell) power station with capacity of respectively 1,000 MW. One is installed along sea side and another is along an artificial marine lake. The roof type solar still is hybridized with the PV cell panels. Power generated by the PV cell is consumed by conventional desalination plants and pumping up sea water to the lake. The mass and heat balance of the IMOS System was estimated and the case studies indicated that the system could irrigated an arid area of order of 2,000 km2. Then, three ideas for self breeding of the system were discussed from a view point of global environment. They are: 1) Manufacturing PV cell power generation plant in the system, 2) Notification on improvement in water containing capability of the planted forest, 3) Establishment of a long and continuous planning with a compact solar desalination unit.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本海水学会  

DOI： 10.11457/swsj1965.46.3

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本混相流学会  

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Language：English   Publisher：名古屋大学工学部  

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Language：English   Publisher：日本混相流学会  

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Language：English   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

The paper theoretically deal with the flow of liquid and surface evaporation at an inclined groove to provide information for designing and operating roof type solar stills. The momentum and heat transfer equations were formulated for the purpose. The constitutional equations were calculated by a finite element method with a shape function of biquadratic polynomial.
The average temperature rise with respect to a cross section of the liquid flow and the total evaporation rate from the meniscus surface were calculated from the temperature distribution and the convectional flow vector. The result indicate that the effect of convection on enhancement of the evaporation rate was about 17% at maximum in such a low Reynolds number range.

DOI： 10.1016/0011-9164(91)85203-7

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publisher：European Federation Chemical Engineering  

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Language：English   Publisher：AIChE  

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Language：English  

The shape coefficient of a non-spherical particle to characterize heat transfer was defined by using the similarity of the transient cooling curve of a sphere. Namely, the reducing radius of the sphere could be determined to minimize the error of curve-fitting. The ratio of the reducing radius to a representative radius of a non-spherical particle was then defined as the shape coefficient. The shape coefficient was calculated for cylinders, rectangular solids, and elliptical bodies as typical non-spherical shapes, and nomographs are presented for aspect ratios from 0.1 to 10 and Biot Numbers 0-100. The nomographs are bell-shaped curves with respect to the aspect ratio, having a peak near unity and monotonously decreasing to about 50% of the shape coefficient at the peak. When the aspect ratio is changed from 1.0 to 2.0, for example, the change of the shape coefficient is only in the order of 5%. Even over a wide range of Biot Numbers, the shape coefficient differs at most by 10%. This feature permits the shape coefficient of almost all particles to be approximated by one of these three typical non-spherical shapes. © 1990, Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0921-8831(08)60724-4

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Language：English   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0011-9164(89)87008-0

Web of Science

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Language：English  

The feasibility of a roof-type multistage solar still for agricultural use was studied by estimating the protection effect of plants from strong radiation and the capability of self-supply of required water. The results showed that when using a 5-stage solar still as a simple shelter for plants in hot arid climates of the Middle East, it produces distillate 8 fold the crop consumption at initial crop stages, 2 fold at crop midseason, and 3.8 field before crop harvest. When using it as a roof for greenhouses, the distillate productivity reaches 17-fold evapotranspiration inside the greenhouse. © 1989.

DOI： 10.1016/0011-9164(89)85035-0

Scopus

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：粉体工学会  

Forms of droplets held on a wire mesh (type: mist eliminator) was observed by solidification of melting paraffin wax under conditions of stationary air and by a borescope in air flow.<br>Droplets were held in the valley part of the waved mesh in the stationary and low velocity regions. When the flow velocity exceeds the loading point, the diameter of droplets increases remarkably. Droplets were carried away from the mesh at the flooding point, and the diameter increased with increase in the flow velocity.<br>A balance equation of forces acting on a droplet could explain the observed data. The estimated radius of meniscus between a droplet and a wire of the mesh was calculated to evaluate adhesive forces other than gravity and drag.

DOI： 10.4164/sptj.25.726

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DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.13.373

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DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.13.249

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Language：English  

The simultaneous phenomena of heat and mass transfer from water flowing through a fibrous sheet attached below the upper boundary of an inclined enclosure have been studied as a fundamental work for developing a new type of solar still. Experimental work was carried out with two kinds of fibres, two angles of inclination, and different feed rates at various heat inputs. The maximum temperature at the upper wall of the enclosure increased linearly with applied heat flux and was almost independent of the feed rate and the kind of fibre. Experiments with high-permeability sheet showed an increase in evaporation rate of about 16 % at a 10-degree angle and 30 % at a 36-degree angle. Thermal convection in the enclosure became evident at a low feed rate and declined with increase in feed rate. A mathematical model for the temperature distribution in the preheating zone was formulated and the heat transfer properties were studied by curve-fitting with the experimental data. The result provides useful data for designing the new type of solar still. © 1987, The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.20.579

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Language：English  

Dynamic characteristics of a multi-stage solar distillator were studied by formulating the rate equations and the heat and mass balance equations with respect to the process variables. The results obtained by the simulation showed satisfactory agreement with the data taken from both a laboratory test plant having 5 stages with 1 m2 and a field test plant having 10 stages with 3 m2 in frame area. The operation conditions required to maximize the distillate productivity were predicted on four sample days through a year. Then sensitivities of the distillate productivity were estimated. Availability of using concrete slab instead of the solar energy recieving plate was also substantiated. © 1987.

DOI： 10.1016/0011-9164(87)90228-1

Scopus

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Language：English  

A multieffect solar still is simulated by formulating the rate equations and the heat and mass balance equations with respect to the process variables. The results obtained by the simulation showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental data taken from laboratory test plant having five stages and 1 m2 frame area. Calculation with the model showed the effect of design and operation parameters such as solar intensity, heat transfer coefficient through the partition and feed rate of brine to each stage on the distillate productivity. The results showed that the distillate productivity is independent of overall heat transfer coefficient through the partition if its value becomes higher than 230 W/m2 • K. Correlation to obtain the feed rate at each stage required to maximize the productivity of distillate was obtained as a function of the solar intensity and ratio of brine feed between two successive stages. © 1987, The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.20.473

Scopus

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Language：English  

A new idea was tested for a solar distillator with wick attached behind an inclined heat penetrating plate. The plate is bended at the center line and a tube is penetrated below the crease of bending. Liquid is fed to the tube and is flooded from two holes near the inlet and then forms a meniscus between the outer surface of the tube and the wick. This meniscus extends along the tube and part of the flow is deliver to the wick. This liquid feeding system is capable of preventing scale formation by forming film flow over the wick surface. The size of the experimental apparatus was 450 mm long and 160 mm wide for one side of the plate. The plate was attached with fibrous sheet as the wick. The idea was tested by using water without heating and satisfactorily uniform film flow was confirmed over all surface of the plate in a feed range between 0.5 and 4.75 kg/h·m. The design procedure was also provided on the basis of process simulation at practical conditions. © 1987.

DOI： 10.1016/0011-9164(87)90233-5

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Language：English   Publisher：化学工学会  

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DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.11.567

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Estimation of kneaking and mixing operation in wet granular materials

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Solar energy is one of the most promising natural and renewable energy resources. Hybridization is one of the most available concepts due to solution for small energy conversion of renewable energy. A hybrid solar membrane distillator with a photovoltaic cell was devised in order to utilize simultaneously both solar photovoltaic energy and thermal energy. A PV/T system, which is combined a solar cell and a thermal unit for heating or cooling device is one of hybrid systems. The effectivity of a hybrid solar membrane distillator was experimentally and numerically verified by case studies of solar cell, membrane solar distillator with and without a photovoltaic cell. The standard electrical conversion efficiency of a hybrid distillator had the equivalent performance with a solar cell without distillator due to an amorphous Si photovoltaic cell. The reduction of thermal efficiency by hybridization is settled within 10% range in spite of the larger heat resistance of hybrid distillator. The performance for hybrid system of electricity and heat was estimated not by the concept of total system but by energy saving efficiency. The energy saving efficiency of a hybrid distillator, 33%, is

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