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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Political Economy and Economic History Society  

This paper aims to clarify the relationships between public and private actors in immigration policy, by examining the 1920s debate on the introduction of foreign workers to France. The French government began recruiting foreign workers, based on bilateral treaties signed with Poland, Itary, and Czechoslovakia in September 1919 and March 1920. It regarted the introduction of foreign workers as necessary to carry out its economic development plans. Responsibility for overseeing immigration, however, was shared among several government ministries and agencies, and jurisdictional conflicts arose among them. Although the Parliament also discussed bills for creating a responsible agency, the ongoing conflicts prevented the realization of immigration policy reform. The National Manpower Council, charged by Parliament with resolving the issue, was ultimately able to adopt only such passive measures as strengthening cooperation among existing organizations. While the Parliament failed to establish an agency with overall responsibility for immigration policy, the Societe generale d'immigration (SGI), founded by professional organizations in 1924, developed processes for the recruitment and introduction of foreign workers from Eastern Europe and expanded its influence at home and abroad. Representatives of the SGI maintained a cooperative relationship with members of Parliament and with the administration through the Permanent Interministerial Immigration Commission and the National Manpower Council. Nevertheless, these relationships were greatly altered at the end of 1928 as a result of pressure from Polish authorities. The Interministerial Commission analysed the transference fees charged by SGI, which the Polish authorities regarded as problematic, and decided as a result of its discussions to intensify its control over all private organizations, including the SGI. Not only did the relationship between Agriculture Ministry and SGI representatives deteriorate in the process, but conflicts between Agriculture and Labour Ministy agents also came to the fore. That is, the Labour Ministry was friendlier to the SGI than was the Agriculture Ministry. This is significant because it highlights the fact that we cannot regard the relationship of the actors as one of binary opposition between the public and private sectors. This paper concludes that the actors, whether public- or private-sector, tightened their connections even as they opposed each other, leading gradually to the formation of contemporary immigration policy.

DOI： 10.20633/rekishitokeizai.56.1_18

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Political Economy and Economic History Society  

This paper analyzes in detail the SGI (la Societe Generate d'lmmigration), which developed and managed the recruitment and introduction of immigrant workers to France. This analysis will enable us to clarify the characteristics of the 1920s in the history of French immigration policy. The SGI was a recruitment company founded by the professional organization of the mining and agriculture industries, which were demanding immigrant workers. Under "a mixed system" (un systeme mixte) constituted of the State and the management, the SGI intervened in the recruitment of immigrant workers in Eastern European countries including Poland and Czechoslovakia; this activity contributed to the introduction of about four hundred thousand immigrant workers into France. Thus I infer that the activities of the SGI related to the organized recruitment, introduction and transport of foreign workers were one of the factors behind the rapid increase of foreign population experienced by France in the interwar period. When the SGI as established, it functioned on the basis of the rules of the Convention of France and Poland. However, as a cooperative relationship was gradually built up between administrative organs of the State and the SGI, the society began to take on responsibilities for immigration control. Moreover, while it made a huge profit from the transport of short-term contracted immigrant workers, it also introduced family immigrants in order to solve the problem of labor force instability from which management in the mining and agricultural industries had suffered. In the mining industries, immigrant workers and their families were included in this paternalism, permitting them to settle according to their nationalities and allowing their descendants the opportunity to learn their native language and history. In the domain of agriculture, the SGI ran a settlement business and in particular established a settlement company with the cooperation of the Polish government, aiming at introducing Polish immigrants into the wasteland areas of southwest France. Therefore I argue that these activities of the SGI exercised an important influence upon the organization of immigrant workers in the interwar period. In the 1920s, the State depended on the SGI for the introduction and control of immigrant workers. This dependence not only resulted in a laissez-faire French immigration policy, it was also a major reason that the problems related to immigration were not analyzed from an overall perspective.

DOI： 10.20633/rekishitokeizai.50.4_35

CiNii Books

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Publishing type：Book review, literature introduction, etc.  

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Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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