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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IIR  

ACTIVE CONTROL OF SUPERCOOLING DEGREE BY AMPHOTERIC SURFACTANTS SHOWING CATIONICITY UNDER VOLTAGE APPLICATION

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IIR  

INVESTIGATION ON ICE ADHESION FORCE MADE FROM CATECHIN-SURFACTANT MIXTURE

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Study on active control of ice adhesion force to cooled copper surface by adding surfactant with different molecular size

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本冷凍空調学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本冷凍空調学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本冷凍空調学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)   Publisher：JST,NED  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd  

The use of ice slurry in the cold storage of foods has increased. However, ice particles in ice slurry easily cohere to each other because of their buoyancy and weight. In this study, ice slurries with different ice packing factors, supercooling degrees, and ice particle masses were formed in a beaker by supercooling dissolution of water and were stored for various storage times in the beaker in a temperature-controlled room. The resulting lump of ice particles was removed from the ice slurry, and the cohesive force of the particles was measured at each storage time. The distribution of the ice particle diameters and the average diameter was measured. The lump's porosity was calculated from its dimensions, and the permeability was calculated from the average diameter and the porosity. The trends of the cohesive force and its features were clarified, and appropriate equations to give the dimensionless cohesive forces were proposed.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.03.026

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)   Publisher：FOOMA  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

The authors have achieved active control of the supercooling degree by varying surfactant concentrations. To improve controllability of supercooling dissolution, the following experiments were carried out by different mixing methods using two kinds of surfactant of different molecular sizes. First, supercooling degrees were measured after dropping a "different" surfactant-pure water mixture with a fixed concentration onto a "base" surfactant-pure water mixture with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) in a glass test tube varying concentrations of the different surfactant-mixture. Second, supercooling degrees were measured after simultaneously mixing the mixture of a base surfactant at its CMC and a different surfactant of fixed concentration in a glass test tube varying the different surfactant-mixture concentrations. In both cases, adsorbed amounts of two surfactants to SiO2 surfaces were measured by a quartz crystal microbalance. Correlations among the mixing method, surfactant concentration of the total mixture, the supercooling degree and the adsorbed amount were clarified. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.10.026

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Since ice adhesion force to a cooling solid surface causes various problems, its reduction is important. Accordingly, after studying reduction methods from various viewpoints, the authors herein have focused attention on adsorption of the hydrophobic groups of surfactant molecules to a copper surface. And, the adhesion forces of ice made from the surfactant mixtures at a fixed concentration to the copper surface at various temperatures were measured by the scanning probe microscopy. Simultaneously, adsorbed amounts of the surfactant molecules to the copper surface were measured by the quartz crystal microbalance system with varying surfactant mixture temperatures. Furthermore, the ice adhesion force depends on surface energy of ice, and the surface energy also depends on temperature. So, surface energies of ice were also measured with varying temperatures. And the influence of temperature dependency of the surface energy on the surface temperature-dependency of the ice adhesion force was clarified considering the adsorbed amount of surfactant. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.04.016

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

When ice slurry is employed for air conditioning, there is gap of 5-7 degrees C between the melting point of the ice and the cooling water temperature. However, TBAB hydrate slurry made from an aqueous TBAB solution can remove the gap because it has a more suitable melting point. Furthermore, the slurry is relatively a high latent heat of fusion and good fluidity. So, the slurry is the most promising material for air conditioning. However, it is expected that TBAB hydrate in the slurry strongly adheres to surface of a metal such as copper. However, to date, there have been no quantitative studies of the adhesion forces, so in the present work adhesion forces of TBAB hydrates to copper surface at 3 and 5 degrees C were measured varying TBAB solution concentrations. And the adhesion force and its surface temperature-dependency were investigated based on surface energies and observations of hydrates crystals. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.03.005

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Adhesion of ice to a solid surface has been investigated by many researchers including one of authors. While, authors group clarified that it was possible to actively control a supercooling degree due to adsorption of surfactant molecules to a solid surface by varying surfactant concentrations. In this study, control of the ice adhesion force through the adsorption to a copper surface and its active control by varying surfactant concentrations are investigated. A surfactant-pure water mixture is frozen on a copper surface at a fixed surface temperature, and the adhesion forces are measured by a SPM, varying surfactant concentrations. While, the amounts of surfactant adsorbed to a copper surface are also measured by a QCM, varying surfactant concentrations. The possibility of active control of the adhesion force is evaluated based on the relationship between the ice adhesion force and the amount of adsorbed surfactant. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.02.013

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

It is important to quantitatively clarify factors governing ice adhesion force to a cooling solid surface. Thus, one of the authors considered hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups of the ice and solid surface. Several additives with different numbers of hydroxyl groups were selected. The ice adhesion force of ice which is made from an additive-pure water mixture to a cooling hard glass surface was measured at a fixed surface temperature. Similar measurements were conducted with various molar-concentrations of several additives and with surface temperatures. Since the hydrogen bonding on the surface occurs after adsorption of the additive and ice adhesion force depends on surface energy of ice, measurements of the amounts of additives adsorbed to the SiO2 and the surface energy were similarly conducted. And influences of the number of hydroxyl groups in the adsorbed additive and the surface on ice adhesion force to the glass surface were quantitatively clarified. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.12.007

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本冷凍空調学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

To prevent many problems caused by ice adhesion, its control technology is required. To settle this technology, obtaining the correct ice adhesion force is a key point. However, ice adhesion forces obtained by current conventional methods are apparent values including a force breaking ice. Thus, authors developed a method to measure correct ice adhesion force and accurate ice diameter in a nano-scale by SPM and both for copper were measured. To construct a database to store the correct ice adhesion forces and diameters for various metals, first, the ice adhesion forces and the ice diameters for aluminum, titanium, carbon steel, and stainless steel are measured at -5 degrees C by the SPM. Additionally, to easily compare our results with other works, shearing stresses of the metals are also given by the ice adhesion forces and ice adhesion areas. Validities of our results are proven by comparing them with the surface energies and other works. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.02.011

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Addition of sterilization and deodorization capabilities to ice is effective for a cold storage of food. Therefore, authors clarified the characteristics of ozone micro-bubbles (MBs) concentration fixed in the ice and ozone gas concentration released due to melting. In this paper, ice with different dimensions are prepared by cutting and crushing the formed ice containing ozone MBs, after which influences of dimensions of cut and crushed ice on the above characteristics are examined. Furthermore, using ice slurry is more effective to cool fresh food; therefore, a pseudo ice slurry formed by mixing crushed ice containing MBs with pure water is investigated. Cut ice and original uncut ice mixed with pure water, respectively, are also investigated as a reference. And validities of above ice mixed with pure water, respectively, are shown by measuring ozone concentration in water. Finally, oxidation characteristics due to ozone gas released into fish oil are also clarified. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.02.017

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Supercooling reduces the COP of ice formation systems. So, control of supercooling dissolution is useful and would bring numerous benefits. In a previous report, the authors conducted an experiment to control supercooling dissolution in a mixture with a hydrophilic surfactant and water in a glass test tube which had the liquidegas(air) interface, and it was possible to actively control average supercooling degree by varying the surfactant concentrations. The average supercooling degrees' tendencies below and over a critical micelle concentration, calculated based on the variation in surface tensions, were quite different. However, since the critical micelle concentration is a physical quantity concerned only with liquidegas interface, it is essential to investigate phenomena in a system with a solid-liquid interface. So, in a syringe with a system having only a solid-liquid interface, possibility of active control of average supercooling degree by variation in surfactant concentrations is investigated. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.05.010

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Ice formed from water in which ozone gas is dissolved is promising for the cold storage of foods because of the ozone's sterilization and deodorization capabilities. However, effective dissolution of ozone gas in water and taking ozone gas into ice are not easy. Furthermore, the decomposition rate of the ozone itself is usually very fast, regardless of its phase. Thus, to effectively take ozone gas into ice, the authors have developed ice containing ozone micro-bubbles. In this paper, ice containing ozone micro-bubbles formed by adding surfactant was kept for a desired time at a desired constant temperature without melting of the ice. The concentration of ozone micro-bubbles fixed in ice and the ozone gas concentration released from ice by melting were measured to investigate the ozone decomposition rate due to fixation in ice and the characteristics of the released concentration. Furthermore, the influences of surfactant on both concentrations were examined. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.01.002

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

There has been considerable research on reducing the force of ice adhesion to cooling solid surfaces. One of the present authors has also studied various methods of reducing or increasing the ice adhesion force. One promising method involves the use of a thin silane-coupler film coated on the solid surface. Using this method, the ice adhesion force can be controlled by altering the organic functional groups of the silane-couplers. However, the characteristics of such thin films usually depend on their formation conditions. Therefore, in this work, two kinds of silane-couplers were investigated. The thin film coating thickness and ice adhesion force to the coated test plate were measured for two kinds of test plate materials, test plate immersion times in the silane-coupler mixtures, and silane-coupler concentrations. Moreover, a durability of surface modification effect due to the thin film and a mechanical durability of the thin films were also investigated. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.01.012

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)   Publisher：日本冷凍空調学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Frosting to a cooling solid surface is often unavoidable and is severe problems. Thus, in order to control the frosting, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of frosting, both scientifically and technologically. Furthermore, when investigating this mechanism, knowing how frost crystals start to form and grow is very important, therefore, frosting from generation to primary growth stage must be clarified. Since frost crystals dimensions are very small in their generation and primary growth stage, it is essential to conduct these investigations at the micro scale level. In this study, using a scanning probe microscope (SPM), frost crystals dimensions/distribution and scraping force of frost crystals, were measured under fixed surface temperatures, comparing influence of humidity with that of surface temperature via a method proposed by one of the authors. Then, correlations among the above frost crystals dimensions/distribution and scraping force were clarified, comparing with influence of cooling solid surface temperature. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.09.004

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd  

It is important to know a real ice adhesion force on a cooling solid surface. When an ice adhesion force is measured by giving a shearing force at the interface between the solid surface and ice, there is a possibility that a measured ice adhesion force is an apparent value including a force that destroys ice due to unevenness of the surface. Thus, to measure the ice adhesion force without influence of the surface unevenness, one of the authors developed a method for measuring the ice adhesion force on the nano scale by using a scanning probe microscope. In this paper, ice adhesion forces to copper oxide and hard glass test plates were measured at -5 °C on the nano scale by this method, and the real ice adhesion forces could be measured. Moreover, the representative value of proper shearing stresses obtained by real ice adhesion forces divided each ice adhesion area was given. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2014.01.009

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

In the ice formation process, supercooling, which results in COP degradation of the ice formation system, is avoidable. Thus, controlling supercooling dissolution would provide numerous benefits to the ice formation system. In order to control supercooling dissolution, we focus on the characteristics of hydrophilic surfactants. When hydrophilic surfactant is added to water, it is a great possibility that hydrophobic (lipophilic) surfactant molecules are adsorbed at gas-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces. Adsorption is assumed to affect supercooling dissolution. In the present study, in a coexisting system of solid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces, a mixture of pure water and a small amount of hydrophilic surfactant is cooled in a test tube, the influence of the surfactant on the degree of supercooling of the mixture is clarified, and the tendencies of the degree of supercooling of the mixture above and below the critical micelle concentration are clarified. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.02.007

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers  

We invented and studied a new ice making system, in which a cooling plate freezes water through a thin metallic belt and protected ice is removed from on the plate by moving the belt. It is shown that the system is able to make long and plate-like ice continuously for more than four hours. The thickness of the ice can range from 1 to 8 mm depending on belt feed speed and temperature of the cooling plate. Then, from a measured mass rate of ice production, we calculated thermal contact resistance between the cooling plate and the belt, which is an important parameter for evaluating ice-making performance of the system. In the results, it is found that the resistance, which is significantly decreased by increase of the belt feed speed, can be low enough not to hinder the ice-making performance. Additionally, feeding the belt back and forth with short strokes is to be effective in reducing the resistance while maintaining the thickness of the plate-like ice.

DOI： 10.11322/tjsrae.30.147

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10021580214?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier  

Recently, the use of ice containing trapped gaseous ozone, which provides the dual benefits of sterilization and deodorization, has gathered increased attention as a food cold storage method. As a method of efficiently trapping gaseous ozone in ice, the authors previously proposed the use of micro-bubbles with several tens of micro-meters in size. Since the process used to trap ozone micro-bubbles results in both ozone gas bubbles and dissolved ozone in the ice itself, both forms of ozone can be recovered and used effectively when the ice is melted. In this study, as the first step, gaseous oxygen is substituted for ozone, after which the suppression of oxygen micro-bubble coalescence, and decrease in the lifting speed of the bubbles caused by adding a small amount of surfactant, are investigated. Additionally, the influence of added surfactant on distribution of bubble size in ice, ice formation rate, mass of formed ice, and bubble content in ice are clarified. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2012.10.030

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Ice adhesion to a cooling solid surface sometimes causes a major accident. While, recently, strong ice adhesion force is positively used to fix a workpiece on a table of machine tool during processing. Therefore, it is necessary to control ice adhesion force to the cooling solid surface. However, the control is indeed a nasty problem to handle. In this paper, as a control method of ice adhesion force to the cooling solid surface, a thin film made from a silane-coupler coated on the solid surface is investigated. The silane-coupler has an organic functional and alkoxyl groups, and the alkoxyl group is changed into a silanol group by hydrolysis. And it is expected that the silanol group can be linked with the slid surface through a hydrogen bonding, while ice adhesion force can be controlled by a characteristic of the organic functional group. And a possibility of control of ice adhesion force due to the thin film is investigated. And endurance and mechanical durability of surface modification by the thin film are also compared with those by conventional methods. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2012.12.009

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

The authors have proposed application of ice slurry to a cold storage of foods for widely using the ice slurry. In this study, a new ice slurry utilizing the food additive trehalose was tested using the "harvest method". The trehalose is expected to suppress ice crystal growth. The freezing characteristics of the trehalose solution were investigated based on a scraping force of ice growing on a carbon steel surface, apparent ice thickness, concentration in ice, observation of formed ice from the side view and behavior of ice during scraping, varying initial concentrations of the solution, amounts of formed ice, supercooling degrees of the solution and temperatures of the cooling surface. Furthermore, a unique freezing characteristic feature of the trehalose solution was clarified by comparing it with an ethylene-glycol solution. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2011.12.005

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本冷凍空調学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Ice adhesion to a cooling solid surface occurs in many situations, and it causes many serious problems that can lead to economic losses. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to a cooling surface. In past studies, the adhesion force of ice was reported to be strongly governed by the surface energy of the cooling solid surface. In consideration of this surface energy, it is essential to investigate the ice adhesion force on a nano/micro scale. However, very little research has been conducted in nano/micro scale. Thus, in this paper, by using a scanning probe microscope (SPM), the methods for measuring the ice adhesion force and contact area between the cooling solid surface and formed ice are proposed, and the optimal measurement conditions of the SPM are determined. Then, the validity and effectiveness of the method are clarified. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2011.09.002

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Frosting on a cooling surface causes serious damage as well as economic losses. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of frosting on a cooling surface both scientifically and technologically. In addition, taking the size of frost crystals into account requires nano-micro-scale investigation. However, there have been few such studies. Thus, the focus of the present study is methods of measuring frost crystal dimensions/structure and frost scraping force in nano-micro-scale fields. In the present study, methods by which to measure frost crystal dimensions/structure, such as diameter, height, number of frost crystals, and interval between adjoining frost crystals, as well as the force required to scrape frost from a cooling surface using a scanning probe microscope (SPM) are proposed, and the effectiveness of these methods is investigated. With the exception of the frost crystal height, the feasibility of these measurements was demonstrated, and examples of the correlation of frost dimensions/structure and frost scraping force could are presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2010.10.005

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

This study is focused on a W/O (water-in-oil) emulsion with 60-80% water contents for formation of ice slurry in ice storage system. The emulsion is made of oil-water mixture with a little amino group modified silicone oil additive. Ice slurry could be formed by cooling the emulsion without ice adhesion to a cooling wall because of its structural feature. However, it was found that propagation of supercooling dissolution of the emulsion hardly started and the propagation rate was much slower. In this study, in order to promote propagation of supercoolng dissolution of the emulsion without ice nucleus charging, the DC voltage is applied to the emulsion during the cooling process. And then, influences of the magnitude of applied voltage, the composition ratio of water and oil (water content), and the distance between electrodes on the propagation process are clarified. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2009.10.002

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

In an ice storage system, use of a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion is an effective means of forming ice slurry. It is possible to form ice slurry by cooling the emulsion without the adhesion of ice to a cooling wall because water contained in the emulsion does not come in direct contact with the cooling wall. However, the start of propagation of supercooling dissolution barely occurs and the subsequent rate of propagation is much slower. In a previous study, it was clarified that DC voltage impression to the emulsion was effective in promoting the propagation of supercooling dissolution of the emulsion. In the present paper, the validity of applying an AC voltage to the emulsion in place of a DC voltage is discussed. Moreover, under a fixed composition ratio of water and oil in the emulsion, influences of varying the magnitudes of the applied AC voltage and frequency on the propagation process are clarified. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2009.10.006

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

In a dynamic ice storage system, one of typical methods to form ice slurry is a "Harvest method" where ice growing on the cooling surface is scraped by a rotary knife. This method has an advantage that ice adhesion to a cooling wall, which is a serious problem in a conventional method, is not necessary to be considered. in this study, ice was formed on a carbon steel surface by cooling an ethylene-glycol solution with stirring, and ice growing on the cooling surface was scraped. At that time, scraping force was measured, varying supercooling degrees of the solution, ice formation times, concentrations of the solution and surface temperatures and surface roughness of the carbon steel. And, influences of the above parameters on scraping force were clarified, and behaviors of ice scraped from the carbon steel surface were classified. Moreover, ice growing on the surface was continuously scraped repeatedly. At that time, influence of the number of scrapings on scraping force was clarified. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2009.10.011

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本冷凍空調学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：JST, NEDO  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

This study focused ice slurry formation in an ice storage system using W/O emulsions with 70 and 80% water contents. Emulsions consisted of a silicone oil-water mixture with a small amount of amino-group-modified silicone oil additive. Ice slurry was formed by cooling the emulsion without ice adhesion to the cooling wall, as water in the emulsion did not directly contact the cooling wall. As the structure of W/O emulsion slowed the propagation rate of supercooling dissolution, voltage and ultrasonic wave were applied to the W/O emulsion to propagate dissolution more quickly and decrease maximum supercooling degree, respectively. Thus, the effects of voltage and ultrasonic wave applications on propagation rate were clarified. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2007.10.006

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

A W/O (water-in-oil) emulsion was made from a water-lamp oil mixture with higher water content and a small amount of an additive of amino group-modified silicone oil, and the emulsion could be changed into an ice slurry by cooling with stirring. By using a new continuous ice formation system proposed by one of the authors of this paper, the ice slurry could be formed continuously and stably in an ice formation vessel made of stainless steel. From the experimental results, the conditions were clarified for realizing continuous ice formation for 10 h without ice adhesion to the cooling wall. Moreover, in order to propagate supercooling dissolution of the emulsion effectively and to decrease viscosity in the ice slurry, voltages were applied to the emulsion and ice slurry formed, respectively, and it was clarified that the voltage impression was effective for both. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2007.10.003

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

For ice storage, one of the authors has previously reported on the ice slurry formed by cooling water-silicone oil mixture with stirring. When the mixture is stirred in a vessel, the oil is charged due to static electricity. if the vessel can attract the charged oil, suppression of ice adhesion force to a cooling wall may be possible. In this study, therefore, a certain voltage was applied to the vessel filled with the mixture with cooling and stirring simultaneously, and water was frozen in the vessel. Then, the ice adhesion force to the cooling vessel wall was measured under a constant apparent adhesion area between the ice and cooling vessel wall. From the measurement results, optimal conditions of the oil viscosity, rotation speed and applied voltage to suppress the ice adhesion force effectively were clarified. Moreover, the factors governing suppression of the ice adhesion force were clarified. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2007.08.009

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

A W/O type emulsion was developed as a new thermal material for ice storage. The water contents of the emulsions were 70, 80 and 90 vol%, and silicone oil was used. An amino group modified silicone oil with 0.9 vol% was used as a surface-active agent. The freezing points of those emulsions were 0 degrees C. However, due to the emulsion structure, the propagation rate of supercooling dissolution for each emulsion was very slow. Therefore, the propagation rate and maximum supercooling degree were estimated using probability, varying the water content of the emulsion, the method of the ice nucleus charging, and the size and number of ice nuclei. In addition, the influence of various parameters on the propagation rate and maximum supercooling degree was clarified. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2007.05.001

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：JST,NED  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Many technological troubles are caused by ice adhesion to a cooling solid wall (surface). Therefore, it is urgent to clarify a mechanism of ice adhesion.
It is thought that ice adhesion to the cooling wall is governed by heat transfer and interfacial phenomena between ice and the wall. In this study, shearing stress corresponding to adhesion force per unit area to remove ice from the wall surface and some reagents' contact angles on the wall and ice were measured, varying the wall material and its surface state. Moreover, shearing work to remove ice, from the wall surface and surface energies of the wall and ice were calculated by the shearing stress and contact angles, respectively. And adhesion energy at an interface between ice and the wall was also calculated by the calculated surface energies. And then, influence of heat transfer and interfacial phenomena on ice adhesion was discussed to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2006.11.009

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

We have been studying on ice slurry in a dynamic type ice storage system. The ice slurry has many good characteristics. The ice slurry can be made from a solution. When designing the ice storage system using this ice slurry, thermal conductivity of the ice slurry is essential.
When thermal conductivity of the ice slurry made from a solution is measured by a transient line heat-source technique, a measurement value of thermal conductivity is affected by a latent heat of fusion of ice. Therefore, the thermal conductivity measured is apparent thermal conductivity. In this study, influences of Stefan number, initial concentration of the solution, initial solid fraction (initial IPF) and Fourier number on the thermal conductivity was analytically discussed to improve measurement accuracy of the thermal conductivity of ice slurry in the transient line heat-source technique. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2006.05.004

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

A functional fluid was made by adding a small amount of additive to a water-silicone-oil mixture with 90 vol% water content, and the functional fluid was transformed into an ice slurry by cooling while stirring. The new ice formation system, which authors proposed for ice storage based on the results of previous studies, demonstrated that the ice slurry could be formed continuously for 10 h. In the current paper, experiments were carried out, varying operating conditions, and an optimal operating condition was determined to improve performance of the present system still more. From the experimental results, the conditions necessary to increase the amount of recovery ice were clarified. The time-dependencies of the shape and size of formed ice particles were also shown. Moreover, the reason why the freezing temperature of the functional fluid rose due to repetition of ice formation was clarified, and its measure was discussed. The present study then found that it was possible to form and recover a larger amount of ice than in previous attempts, given the rise in freezing temperature. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2006.01.009

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

This study focuses on an emulsion as a new thermal storage material for ice storage. Two types of emulsions were formed using an oil-water mixture with a small amount of additive. A silicone, light and lump oils were used. The water contents of the emulsions were 70, 80 and 90%. The additive was an amino group modified silicone oil. No depression of freezing point was observed for the emulsions because of their hydrophobic properties. In order to determine the structure of the emulsions, their electrical resistances were measured. Moreover, components of the liquids separating from the emulsions were analyzed. The results indicated that one emulsion was a W/O type emulsion, while the other was an O/W type. Finally, adaptability of the two emulsions to ice storage was discussed, it was concluded that a high performance ice slurry could be formed by the W/O type emulsion. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and IIR.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2005.12.013

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

For ice storage, one of authors has studied new ice slurry formed by cooling a water-oil mixture with stirring. When the mixture is stirred in a vessel, oil is charged by static electricity due to friction. If the vessel wall can attract charged oil, prevention of ice adhesion to the wall may be realized. Therefore, in this paper, in order to observe behavior of charged water-oil droplet or Mixture in electric field by a high speed camera or video camera, two types of experiments were carried out. One was that the water-oil droplet charged by static electricity was made to fall plumb down between two electrodes with electric field or without electric field, varying the water content of droplet. The other was that a constant voltage was applied on the vessel filled with the water-oil mixture stirred. From experiments, it was confirmed that attracting force between the charged wall (electrode) and charged oil acted. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2005.07.004

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本機会学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SOC AIR-CONDITIONING & REFRIGERATING ENGINEERS KOREA-SAREK  

We have developed a new dynamic type ice making system for thermal storage. A phase change material for the system was emulsion consisted of 80 wt% aqueous solution and 20 wt% silicon-oil. The solution was a mixture of 3 wt% Gamma-Aminopropyl-Triethoxy-Silane and tap water. The emulsion reduces risk of adhesions of ice on a cooling wall in an ice making process, even though there is a lot of ice near the wall. An ice making chamber of the system consisted of vertical stainless-steel pipe. Agitated by rotor blades equipped in the tube, the emulsion in the tube was cooled by brine flowing outside the tube. Mass of ice increased with cooling of the emulsion. Condition was examined with a change of cooling rate when ice adhesion occurred. By cycling the operation of making and discharging of ice, we confirmed that the system was able to make ice continuously. Shapes of the ice particles made by this system were roughly spherical and sizes of those depended on cooling rate. We investigated the relationship between the ice particle size and cooling rate.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)   Publisher：JST,NED  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本冷凍空調学会  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本冷凍空調学会  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本冷凍空調学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ICPWSXIV  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)   Publisher：JST,NED  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

A dynamic-type of ice-making cold thermal energy storage system using water-oil emusion with silane-coupler agent was investigated. In order to establish a suitable method by which slurry ice can be formed continuously in a tube without ice adhesion to the cooling wall, the effects of the tube materials of the heat exchanger, heat exchanger types and phase change materials on ice formation process were investigated. Experiments of ice formation were operated under various cooling conditions of flow rate of the mixture and temperature of cooling brine. It was found that using a fluoroplastics tube prevented ice from adhering to the tube under a wide range of the cooling conditions. By making thickness of the tube thinner and increasing heat transfer coefficient on the outside of the tube, performance of heat exchanger as an ice-making equipment was improved. The range of the suitable cooling conditions by using the water oil emulsion as a phase change material was wider than that by using ethylene glycol aqueous solution. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2003.12.005

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

A functional fluid composed of an oil-water mixture with an additive is transformed into an ice slurry by cooling while stirring. This paper describes a new continuous ice slurry formation method. Experiments were carried out by varying conditions such as the supply time of functional fluid, the stirrer torque, brine temperature and degree of supercooling. As a result, the characteristics of the ice formation and recovery processes were clarified. It was found that the ice particles gradually became uniform in size and spherical, and grew to 3.5 mm. in diameter during about 10 h. The factors influencing the size of formed ice particles were discussed because the larger ice particles were expected to melt more rapidly. The ice particle size was found to increase with decreasing degree of supercooling and cooling rate, and with increasing stirrer wing diameter. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0140-7007(03)00102-6

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本冷凍空調学会論文集  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本冷凍空調学会  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本冷凍空調学会  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本冷凍空調学会  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

An ice storage is one of the ways of effective use of thermal energy. So, studies on a slush ice as thermal storage material have been done. We have also been studying on a suspension (slush ice) made of oil-water mixture with cooling and stirring. From our study result, it was found that a kind of additive having amino group (-NH_2) and silanol group (-SiOH) was essential to make the suspension with high IPF without adhesion of ice to a cooling wall. Moreover, formed ices in the suspension were dispersed and granular state and ices did not stick each other. In the present paper, we carried out experiments to clarify the characteristics of the suspension formation process. From the experimental results, it was found that the substance in the suspension was not ice but a compound consisting of ice and additive by a thermal analysis of fusion of the substance. Then, at very small depression of solidification point (about 7℃) all water of the mixture could be solidified by using the additive.

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10110/2326

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers  

An emulsion which was a mixture of silanol-aqueous solution and silicone oil was examined as a thermal storage material for dynamic-type ice thermal storage. It was cooled and frozen under stirring in various vessels which were immersed in a controlled temperature bath. The vessels were made of stainless steel (SUS304), Pyrex glass, polycarbonate, or Teflon (PFA). The ice formation process was examined under different cooling conditions until a predetermined amount of ice was formed. The heat transfer rate and overall heat transfer coefficient were measured and the condition under which ice did not adhere on the vessel wall was examined. For all vessels, ice adhered on the wall when the heat transfer rate through the vessel wall was high. Conversely, by decreasing the heat transfer rate, a slurry ice formed without adhesion. SUS304 vessel coated with PFA material was also examined. It was shown that ice adhesion on SUS304 wall was restrained by PFA coating even though the overall heat transfer coefficient was larger than that of PFA vessel.

DOI： 10.11322/tjsrae.18.51

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本機械学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A new method of forming ice, which is one of the dynamic types of ice storage system, is studied. In the method a water-oil emulsion is cooled with stirring in a vessel and changed into an ice-oil and water suspension. A mixture of 10 vol% silicone-oil and 90 vol% water is emulsified with a small amount of an additive. Silane-couplers are tested as the additive and effects of the additive on ice formation process are investigated. Cooling rate is changed and vessels made of various materials are tested. It is proved that the present method has the following characteristics. Ice-oil and water suspension (slush ice) which has a good fluidity is able to be formed without adhering to the cooling surface. Ice in the suspension is granular and dispersed state and the suspension with more than 70% of ice packing factor (IPF) is also able to be formed. The suspension with the high IPF can be preserved for a long time in the granular state. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0140-7007(99)00073-0

Scopus

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：自動車技術会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：宮崎大学工学部  

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

The permeability of a porous medium in a state of solidification saturated with NaCl-aqueous solution was measured by a transient method, with a varying volume fraction of liquid phase chi, an initial concentration of solution C-i, and a super-cooling degree: of the solution just before start of solidification T-sc. From the results of measurement, it was shown that the permeability was proportional to the nth power function of chi The influence of C-i and T-sc on the permeability was clarified. An empirical equation of the permeability was obtained as a function of chi, C-i and T-sc. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Science Ltd.  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本機械学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：流体・熱エネルギー変換国際会議組織委員会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本シミュレーション学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本機械学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本機械学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：低温域熱工学国際シンポジウム組織委員会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Beads saturated with NaCl-solution used as porous medium were packed in a rectangular cell. The porous medium was solidified by cooling one of the vertical walls of the cell. The above solidification process was studied analytically and experimentally. The temperature and concentration distributions were measured for three kinds of beads with almost the same mean diameters. From both experimental and analytical results, the analysis, where permeability within the the mushy region was expressed as the n-th power of the volume fraction of the liquid phase, was found to simulate approximately the solidification process. The characteristics of the solidification process were clarified herein.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本機械学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本冷凍協会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：アジア熱物性会議組織委員会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日韓熱工学会議組織委員会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：アジア熱物性会議組織委員会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本冷凍協会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本機械学会  

In this paper, weak natural convection effects in the transient hot wire method of liquid thermal conductivity measurement are analytically investigated. Precise numerical calculations are performed using the FDM, concerning the slow natural convection liquid flow around a single thin hot wire and the distribution of the modified temperature term due to the flow. Then, the time dependencies of the apparent thermal conductivity, including the natural convection effects, are shown for various measuring conditions. The error in measurement are also shown for the case where two hot wires, having different lengths, are set in the Wheatstone bridge circuit to decrease the edge effects. It is shown, as a result, that slight natural convection effects appear, even during short periods of measurement, where the effects on accuracy had been considered negligible.

DOI： 10.1299/jsme1987.30.1935

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本機械学会  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Investigation of ice adhesion force in pure water mixed with catechin and surfactant

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等電点領域での両性界面活性剤添加が過冷度に及ぼす影響の検討

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1．安藤賢太，深澤健太，秋山祐汰，松本 浩二，「カチオン性界面活性剤と印加電圧がせん断応力に及ぼす影響

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カチオン性界面活性剤と印加電圧がせん断応力に及ぼす影響

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

カテキン‐純水混合液に界面活性剤を添加した氷の付着力抑制に関して検討した.

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Study on adhesion forces of ices made with the addition of cationic surfactant to Al surface with applied voltage in nano-scale

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Study on adhesion forces of ices made with the addition of cationic surfactant to Al surface in a nano-scale

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Active control of supercooling degree by using ampholytic surfactant

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Active control of supercooling degree by using ampholytic surfactant

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Investigation on Cohesive Force of Ice Slurry of Silane Coupling Agent with Different Organic Functional Groups

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連続製氷装置を使用して水道水から生成したオゾンマイクロバブル含有氷の特性として，放出オゾンガス濃度の検討をした..1.12

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容器を正に帯電した状態で非イオン性界面活性剤混合液にカチオン性界面活性剤を滴下した場合での平均過冷度の検討を行った．

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (keynote)  

連続製氷装置を使用して水道水から生成したオゾンマイクロバブル含有氷の放出オゾンガス濃度の検討

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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カチオン性界面活性剤添加が過冷度に及ぼす影響を検討した

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走査型プローブ顕微鏡による電圧印加されたアルミ板上でのアニオン性界面活性剤添加氷の付着力測定した．

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

カチオン性界面活性剤-純水混合液の臨界ミセル濃度以上の場合における濃度が過冷却に及ぼす影響をけんとうした．

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Investigation on average supercooling degree of mixture in case dropping cationic surfactant-water to non-ionic surfactant-water

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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