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DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.98.106027

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Physical Society  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)   Publisher：日本物理学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Physical Society  

We study properties of effective temperature of nonequilibrium steady states by using the anti-de Sitter spacetime/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence. We consider nonequilibrium systems with a constant flow of current along an electric field, in which the current is carried by both the doped charges and those pair created by the electric field. We find that the effective temperature agrees with that of the Langevin systems if we take the limit where the pair creation is negligible. The effect of pair creation raises the effective temperature whereas the current by the doped charges contributes to lower the effective temperature in a wide range of the holographic models.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.91.026009

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER PHYSICAL SOC  

We study properties of effective temperature of nonequilibrium steady states by using the anti-de Sitter spacetime/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence. We consider nonequilibrium systems with a constant flow of current along an electric field, in which the current is carried by both the doped charges and those pair created by the electric field. We find that the effective temperature agrees with that of the Langevin systems if we take the limit where the pair creation is negligible. The effect of pair creation raises the effective temperature whereas the current by the doped charges contributes to lower the effective temperature in a wide range of the holographic models.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.91.026009

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Language：English  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER PHYSICAL SOC  

We define an effective temperature and study its properties for a class of out-of-equilibrium steady states in a heat bath. Our analysis is based on the anti-de Sitter spacetime/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence, and examples include systems driven by applied electric fields and branes dragged in plasmas. We found that the effective temperature can be lower than that of the heat bath and that the out-of-equilibrium noise can be smaller than that in equilibrium. We show that a generalization of the fluctuation-dissipation relation holds for the effective temperature. In particular, we generalize the Johnson-Nyquist relation for a large electric field.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.88.126003

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Language：English  

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Language：English   Publisher：World Scientific  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER PHYSICAL SOC  

We find novel phase transitions and critical phenomena that occur only outside the linear-response regime of current-driven nonequilibrium states. We consider the strongly interacting (3 + 1)-dimensional N = 4 large-N-c SU(N-c) supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with a single flavor of fundamental N = 2 hypermultiplet as a microscopic theory. We compute its nonlinear nonballistic quark-charge conductivity by using the AdS/CFT correspondence. We find that the system exhibits a novel nonequilibrium first-order phase transition where the conductivity jumps and the sign of the differential conductivity flips at finite current density. A nonequilibrium critical point is discovered at the end point of the first-order regime. We propose a nonequilibrium steady-state analogue of thermodynamic potential in terms of the gravity-dual theory in order to define the transition point. Nonequilibrium analogues of critical exponents are proposed as well. The critical behavior of the conductivity is numerically confirmed on the basis of these proposals. The present work provides a new example of nonequilibrium phase transitions and nonequilibrium critical points.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.120602

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER PHYSICAL SOC  

We propose a mean-field approach to analyze many-body systems of fermions in the gauge/gravity duality. We introduce a nonvanishing classical fermionic field in the gravity dual, which we call the holographic mean-field for fermions. The holographic mean-field takes account of the many-body dynamics of the fermions in the bulk. The regularity condition of the holographic mean-field fixes the relationship between the chemical potential and the density unambiguously. Our approach provides a new framework of gauge/gravity duality for finite-density systems of baryons in the confinement phase.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.86.021901

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

We report an AdS/CFT analysis that indicates new types of current-driven nonequilibrium phase transitions in a gauge-theory plasma. What we compute is the differential conductivity of the gauge-theory plasma that can be either negative or positive depending on the parameters of the system. We find that the transition from negative differential conductivity to positive differential conductivity is not always crossover but can be a first-order-like discontinuous transition. A second-order-like transition where the differential resistivity diverges is also found at the boundary between the first-order regime and the crossover regime. These transitions occur only outside the linear-response regime of the nonequilibrium systems.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：AMER INST PHYSICS  

We show that the nonlinear transport of quark charge under the presence of external force acting on quarks and antiquarks may exhibit negative differential resistivity similar to that in strongly-correlated electron systems.

DOI： 10.1063/1.3647368

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

Negative differential resistivity (NDR) in a (3+1)-dimensional quantum system of strongly correlated charge carriers is theoretically reproduced by using the AdS/CFT correspondence. Our system is microscopically defined, and the analysis does not rely on any phenomenological models of NDR mechanism. The interaction between the heat reservoir and the nonequilibrium charge carriers is also taken into account. The system realizes insulation clue to the formation of the neutral bound states of the charge carriers at low temperatures. However, the insulation is broken and the field-induced conductor phase appears by applying the external electric field greater than the critical value. We find that the NDR appears right above the critical electric field in this phase, and the pair creation of the charge carriers is crucial to realize the NDR. The present result suggests a possibility to observe a similar NDR in excitonic insulators or in the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma, where the insulation originates in the formation of the neutral bound states.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER PHYSICAL SOC  

We show that the five-dimensional Maxwell theory with the Chern-Simons term is tachyonic in the presence of a constant electric field. When coupled to gravity, a sufficiently large Chern-Simons coupling causes instability of the Reissner-Nordstrom black holes in anti-de Sitter space. The instability happens only at nonvanishing momenta, suggesting a spatially modulated phase in the holographically dual quantum field theory in (3 + 1) dimensions, with spontaneous current generation in a helical configuration. The three-charge extremal black hole in the type IIB superstring theory on AdS(5) x S(5) barely satisfies the stability condition.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.044018

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

We analyze an instability that may be induced by a chiral anomaly at finite densities in a strongly-coupled gauge theory. We employ the gauge/gravity duality. The effect of the chiral anomaly is represented by a Chern-Simons (CS) term in the gravity dual and it has a tendency to induce an inhomogeneous flow of the global current, namely an inhomogeneous instability, at finite densities. From the viewpoint of general relativity, this can be a new instability of charged black holes induced by the CS term. However, as far as we have analyzed based on the supergravity, the potentially unstable modes turned out to be always barely stable. In terms of the gauge theory; the stability is protected due to the coupling between the global current and the stress-energy tensor.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

We propose a consistent setup for a holographic dual of Bjorken flow of strongly coupled large-N-c N = 4 SYM-theory plasma. We employ Eddington-Finkelstein type coordinates for the dual geometry, and we propose a late-time expansion there. We construct the dual geometry order by order, and we show that the transport coefficients are determined by the regularity of the geometry. We also show that the dual geometry has an apparent horizon hence an event horizon, which covers the singularity at the origin. We prove that the dual geometry is regular at all orders under an appropriate choice of the transport coefficients. Our model is a concrete well-defined example of time-dependent AdS/CFT.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER PHYSICAL SOC  

We propose a consistent setup for the holographic dual of the strongly coupled large-N(c) N=4 super Yang-Mills theory plasma which undergoes the Bjorken flow relevant to the quark-gluon plasma at BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN LHC. The dual geometry is constructed order by order in a well-defined late-time expansion. The transport coefficients are determined by the regularity of the geometry. We prove, for the first time, that the dual geometry has an apparent horizon, hence, an event horizon, which covers a singularity at the origin. Further we prove that the dual geometry is regular to all orders in the late-time expansion under an appropriate choice of the transport coefficients. This choice is also shown to be unique. Our model serves as a concrete well-defined example of a time-dependent anti-de Sitter-space/conformal-field-theory dual.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.031601

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

We investigate the D3-D7 model at finite U(1)(B)-charge chemical potential. We point out that the D3-D7 model with only the black-hole embeddings does not have the low-temperature and low-chemical-potential region in the grand-canonical ensemble, hence it is incomplete. The incomplete-ness is also seen as the thermodynamic instability in the canonical ensemble. We propose to solve the incomplete-ness problem by introducing the Minkowski embeddings at the finite U(1)(B)-charge. A possible physical interpretation of our model is given.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC  

We explore the phases of the N = 2 super Yang-Mills theory at a, finite quark density by introducing a quark chemical potential in a D3-D7 setup. We formulate the thermodynamics of brane embeddings and we find that the density versus chemical potential equation of state has a rich structure. This yields two distinct first-order phase transitions in a small window of the quark density. In other words, there is a new first-order phase transition in the region of deconfined quarks. In this new phase, the chemical potential is a decreasing function of the density. We suggest that this might be relevant to the difference in the sQGP-wQGP phases of QCD.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

We propose a method for identifying holographic chemical potentials of conserved charges. The guiding principle is the consistency of the identification with the thermodynamic relations and the Legendre transformation. We consider the baryon-charge chemical potential as an example, and explain why the degree of freedom of the constant shift of the bulk U(1) gauge field is absent when the Legendre transformation is well-defined. The method proposed here suggests that the definition of the chemical potential may be more complicated compared with the case of localized charge if we have a nontrivial charge distribution along the radial direction of the bulk geometry.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

We study gravity dual of Bjorken flow of N = 4 SYM-theory plasma. We point out that the cosmic censorship hypothesis may explain why the regularity of the dual geometry constrains the hydrodynamic constants. We also investigate the apparent horizon of the dual geometry. We find that the dual geometry constructed on Fefferman-Graham (FG) coordinates is not appropriate for examination of the apparent horizon since the coordinates do not cover the trapped region. However, the preliminary analysis on FG coordinates suggests that the location of the apparent horizon is very sensitive to the hydrodynamic parameters.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

It is well-known that localized topological defects (solitons) experience recoil when they suffer an impact by incident particles. Higher-dimensional topological defects develop distinctive wave patterns propagating along their worldvolume under similar circumstances. For 1-dimensional topological defects (vortex lines), these wave patterns fail to decay in the asymptotic future: the propagating wave eventually displaces the vortex line a finite distance away from its original position (the distance is proportional to the transferred momentum). The quantum version of this phenomenon, which we call "local recoil", can be seen as a simple geometric manifestation of the absence of spontaneous symmetry breaking in 1 + 1 dimensions. Analogously to soliton recoil, local recoil of vortex lines is associated with infrared divergences in perturbative expansions. In perturbative string theory, such divergences appear in amplitudes for closed strings scattering off a static D1-brane. Through a Dirac-Born-Infeld analysis, it is possible to resum these divergences in a way that yields finite, momentum-conserving amplitudes.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

We consider a holographic dual of hydrodynamics of N=4 SYM plasma that undergoes non-isotropic three-dimensional expansion relevant to RHIC fireball. Our model is a natural extension of the Bjorken's one-dimensional expansion, and it describes an elliptic flow whose v(2) and eccentricity are given in terms of anisotropy parameters. Holographic renormalization shows that absence of conformal anomaly in the SYM theory constrains our local rest frame to be a Kasner spacetime. We show that the Kasner spcetime provides a simple description of the anisotropically expanding fluid within a well-controled approximation. We also find that the dual geometry determines some of the hydrodynamic quantities in terms of the initial condition and the fundamental constants.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

One-loop string scattering amplitudes computed using the standard D0-brane conformal field theory ( CFT) suffer from infrared divergences associated with recoil. A systematic framework to take recoil into account is the worldline formalism, where fixed boundary conditions are replaced by dynamical D0-brane worldlines. We show that, in the worldline formalism, the divergences that plague the CFT are automatically cancelled in a non-trivial way. The amplitudes derived in the worldline formalism can be reproduced by deforming the CFT with a specific "recoil operator", which is bilocal and different from the ones previously suggested in the literature.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SISSA  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

We show that the equivalence between the c = 1 non-critical bosonic string and the N = 2 topologically twisted coset SL(2)/U( 1) at level one can be checked very naturally on the level of tree-level scattering amplitudes with the use of the Stoyanovsky-Ribault-Teschner map, which recasts H-3(+) correlation functions in terms of Liouville field theory amplitudes. This observation can be applied equally well to the topologically twisted SL(2)(n)/U(1) coset with n > 1, which has been argued recently to be equivalent with a c < 1 non-critical bosonic string whose matter part is defined by a time-like linear dilaton CFT.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

We propose a new method to describe a recoiling D-brane that is elastically scattered by closed strings in the nonrelativistic region. We utilize the low-energy effective field theory on the worldvolume of the D-brane, and the velocity of the D-brane is described by the time derivative of the expectation values of the massless scalar fields on the worldvolume. The effects of the closed strings are represented by a source term for the massless fields in this method. The momentum conservation condition between the closed strings and the D-brane is derived up to the relative sign of the momentum of the D-brane. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2004.10.065

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

We consider closed-string tachyon condensation in the twisted sectors on the C/Z(2n+l) X R-7,R-1 orbifold. We calculate the localized energy density in the fixed plane on the orbifold to the one-loop level, and we obtain the decay rate per unit volume of the fixed plane to leading order. We show that the decay rate increases monotonically as a function of n.

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Language：English   Publisher：Scientific World Publishing  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

We show that a non-trivial dilaton condensation alters the dimensions of orientifold planes. An off-shell crosscap state which naturally interpolates between the usual on-shell crosscap states and their T-duals plays an important role in the analysis. We present an explicit representation of the off-shell crosscap state on an RP2 worldsheet in the gauge in which the worldsheet curvature in the bulk of the fundamental region of the RP2 vanishes. We show that the non-trivial dilaton condensation reproduces the correct descent relation among orientifold plane tensions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER PHYSICAL SOC  

We present an extension of boundary string field theory on disc and RP2 worldsheet geometries. Finding an appropriate Becchi-Rouet-Stora (BRS) operator in the case of the RP2 geometry, we generalize the background independent open string field theory (or boundary string field theory) of Witten on a unit disc. The space of two-dimensional field theories on RP2 is spanned by the scalar operator inserted at the nontrivial loop of RP2. We discuss the off-shell extension of the crosscap states, which provides an interpolation of orientifold planes of various dimensions.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.046006

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：AMER INST PHYSICS  

We propose a basic strategy to obtain a consistent on-shell effective action of open-string tachyons, on the background where closed-string tachyons are already condensed. We use sigma-model approach, basically. We regard D-instanton-like objects with appropriate weight as closed-string tachyon tadpoles, and we insert them into worldsheets to analyze the effect of closed-string tachyons.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

We study how the effect of closed-string tachyon condensation can enter into the on-shell effective action of open-string tachyons in the bosonic case. We also consider open-string one-loop quantum corrections to the on-shell action. We use a sigma-model approach with boundary terms, and we utilize some results of boundary string field theory (BSFT) to define the on-shell effective action. We regard D-instanton-like objects with appropriate weight as closed-string tachyon tadpoles, and we insert them into worldsheets to analyze the effect of closed-string tachyons.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

We analyze how lower-dimensional bosonic D-branes further decay, using the boundary string field theory. Especially we find that the effective tachyon potential of the lower-dimensional D-brane has the same profile as that of D25-brane. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE  

We consider bosonic noncritical strings as QCD strings and we present a basic strategy to construct them in the context of Liouville theory. We show that Dirichlet boundary conditions play important roles in generalized Liouville theory. Specifically, they are used to stabilize the classical configuration of strings and also utilized to treat tachyon condensation in our model. We point out that Dirichlet boundary conditions for the Liouville mode maintains Weyl invariance, if an appropriate condition is satisfied, in the background with a (non-linear) dilaton.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

A new detection method to search for dark matter axiom was developed with Rydberg atoms in resonant cavities. Principle of the method and the development status of the experimental apparatus based on this scheme are presented and discussed.

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Language：English   Publisher：World Scientific  

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